Kubota Ryotaro, Okubo Ryo, Ikezawa Satoru, Matsui Makoto, Adachi Leona, Wada Ayumu, Fujimaki Chinatsu, Yamada Yuji, Saeki Koji, Sumiyoshi Chika, Kikuchi Akiko, Omachi Yoshie, Takeda Kazuyoshi, Hashimoto Ryota, Sumiyoshi Tomiki, Yoshimura Naoki
Department of Psychiatry, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
Clinical Research and Education Promotion Division, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan.
Front Psychol. 2022 Apr 15;13:867468. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.867468. eCollection 2022.
Both impairment and sex differences in social cognition and neurocognition have been documented in schizophrenia. However, whether sex differences exist in the association between social cognition and neurocognition are not known. We aimed to investigate the contribution of areas of neurocognition to theory of mind (ToM) and hostility bias, representing social cognition, according to sex in early course schizophrenia.
In this cross-sectional study, we assessed neurocognition using the Japanese version of the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS) and assessed the ToM and hostility bias subdomains of social cognition using the Social Cognition Screening Questionnaire (SCSQ) in 131 participants (65 female, 66 male) diagnosed with schizophrenia within 5 years of onset. Sex differences were analyzed using -tests. The associations of neurocognitive subdomains with ToM and hostility bias according to sex were analyzed using multiple regression analysis. Results were adjusted by age, estimated premorbid intelligence quotient, and symptomatology.
No sex differences were found in ToM ( = 0.071) or hostility bias ( = 0.057). Higher verbal fluency was significantly associated with higher ToM in females ( < 0.01), whereas higher executive function was significantly associated with higher ToM in males ( < 0.05). Higher verbal fluency was significantly associated with lower hostility bias in females ( < 0.05), whereas neurocognition and hostility bias were not significantly associated in males.
The results suggest that neurocognition associated with social cognition differ according to sex. These differences should be considered for more effective treatment of social cognition.
精神分裂症患者在社会认知和神经认知方面均存在损害以及性别差异。然而，社会认知与神经认知之间的关联是否存在性别差异尚不清楚。我们旨在研究早期精神分裂症患者中，神经认知各领域对代表社会认知的心理理论（ToM）和敌意偏差的贡献，并按性别进行分析。
在这项横断面研究中，我们使用日语版的《精神分裂症认知简短评估量表》（BACS）评估神经认知，并使用《社会认知筛查问卷》（SCSQ）评估131名（65名女性，66名男性）发病5年内被诊断为精神分裂症的参与者的社会认知的心理理论和敌意偏差子领域。使用t检验分析性别差异。使用多元回归分析按性别分析神经认知子领域与心理理论和敌意偏差之间的关联。结果经年龄、预估病前智商和症状学调整。
在心理理论（t = 0.071）或敌意偏差（t = 0.057）方面未发现性别差异。较高的言语流畅性与女性较高的心理理论显著相关（p < 0.01），而较高的执行功能与男性较高的心理理论显著相关（p < 0.05）。较高的言语流畅性与女性较低的敌意偏差显著相关（p < 0.05），而男性的神经认知与敌意偏差未显著相关。
结果表明，与社会认知相关的神经认知因性别而异。在更有效地治疗社会认知时应考虑这些差异。
