Department of Neurosciences & Ophthalmology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2024 Jul;24(7):347-360. doi: 10.1007/s11882-024-01150-0. Epub 2024 Jun 13.
The aim of this review, is to present an updated revision of topical management of SAC and PAC, based on the available scientific evidence and focused on the impact of ophthalmic solution formulations on eye surface.
Physicians treating ocular allergy should be aware of tear film and tear film disruption in SAC and PAC, and how eye drop composition and additives affect the physiology of the allergic eye. Seasonal and perennial allergic conjunctivitis (SAC and PAC) are the most frequent causes of ocular allergy (OA), and both conditions are underdiagnosed and undertreated. SAC and PAC are immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated hypersensitivity reactions. The additional tear film disruption caused by the release of inflammatory mediators increases and exacerbates the impact of signs and symptoms and may trigger damage of the ocular surface. Comorbidities are frequent, and dry eye disease in particular must be considered. Clinical guidelines for the management of SAC and PAC recommend topical therapy with antihistamines, mast cells stabilizers or dualaction agents as first-line treatment, but care should be taken, as many medications contain other compounds that may contribute to ocular surface damage.
本综述旨在根据现有科学证据，对 SAC 和 PAC 的局部治疗进行最新修订，重点关注眼用溶液制剂对眼表的影响。
治疗眼部过敏的医生应该了解 SAC 和 PAC 中的泪膜和泪膜破裂，以及滴眼剂成分和添加剂如何影响过敏性眼病的生理学。季节性和常年性过敏性结膜炎（SAC 和 PAC）是最常见的眼部过敏（OA）原因，这两种疾病都存在漏诊和治疗不足的情况。SAC 和 PAC 是免疫球蛋白 E（IgE）介导的超敏反应。炎症介质的释放引起的额外泪膜破裂会增加并加剧体征和症状的影响，并可能引发眼表损伤。合并症很常见，尤其是干眼症，必须加以考虑。SAC 和 PAC 的管理临床指南建议使用抗组胺药、肥大细胞稳定剂或双作用药物作为一线治疗的局部治疗，但需要注意的是，许多药物含有其他可能导致眼表损伤的化合物。
