Max von Pettenkofer-Institute for Hygiene and Clinical Microbiology, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany.
Max von Pettenkofer-Institute for Hygiene and Clinical Microbiology, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
Cell Host Microbe. 2024 Jun 12;32(6):820-836. doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2024.05.002.
Microbial communities that colonize the human gastrointestinal (GI) tract defend against pathogens through a mechanism known as colonization resistance (CR). Advances in technologies such as next-generation sequencing, gnotobiotic mouse models, and bacterial cultivation have enhanced our understanding of the underlying mechanisms and the intricate microbial interactions involved in CR. Rather than being attributed to specific microbial clades, CR is now understood to arise from a dynamic interplay between microbes and the host and is shaped by metabolic, immune, and environmental factors. This evolving perspective underscores the significance of contextual factors, encompassing microbiome composition and host conditions, in determining CR. This review highlights recent research that has shifted its focus toward elucidating how these factors interact to either promote or impede enteric infections. It further discusses future research directions to unravel the complex relationship between host, microbiota, and environmental determinants in safeguarding against GI infections to promote human health.
定植于人体胃肠道（GI）的微生物群落通过一种被称为定植抵抗力（CR）的机制来抵御病原体。下一代测序、无菌小鼠模型和细菌培养等技术的进步增强了我们对 CR 相关潜在机制和复杂微生物相互作用的理解。CR 不再归因于特定的微生物类群，而是现在被理解为微生物与宿主之间的动态相互作用，并受到代谢、免疫和环境因素的影响。这种不断发展的观点强调了背景因素（包括微生物组组成和宿主状况）在决定 CR 方面的重要性。本综述重点介绍了最近的研究，这些研究将重点转移到阐明这些因素如何相互作用以促进或阻碍肠道感染。它进一步讨论了未来的研究方向，以揭示宿主、微生物组和环境决定因素之间的复杂关系，以防止 GI 感染，促进人类健康。
