Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, UC Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, UC Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
Cell Host Microbe. 2024 Jun 12;32(6):863-874. doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2024.05.011.
The composition and function of the gut microbiota are intimately tied to nutrient acquisition strategies and metabolism, with significant implications for host health. Both dietary and host-intrinsic factors influence community structure and the basic modes of bacterial energy metabolism. The intestinal tract is rich in carbon and nitrogen sources; however, limited access to oxygen restricts energy-generating reactions to fermentation. By contrast, increased availability of electron acceptors during episodes of intestinal inflammation results in phylum-level changes in gut microbiota composition, suggesting that bacterial energy metabolism is a key driver of gut microbiota function. In this review article, we will illustrate diverse examples of microbial nutrient acquisition strategies in the context of habitat filters and anatomical location and the central role of energy metabolism in shaping metabolic strategies to support bacterial growth in the mammalian gut.
肠道微生物群的组成和功能与营养物质获取策略和代谢密切相关，对宿主健康有重大影响。饮食和宿主内在因素都影响群落结构和细菌能量代谢的基本模式。肠道富含碳源和氮源；然而，由于氧气有限，能量生成反应受到限制，只能进行发酵。相比之下，在肠道炎症期间，电子受体的可用性增加，导致肠道微生物群落组成发生菌门水平的变化，这表明细菌的能量代谢是肠道微生物功能的关键驱动因素。在这篇综述文章中，我们将举例说明微生物在栖息地过滤和解剖位置方面的不同营养获取策略，以及能量代谢在塑造代谢策略以支持哺乳动物肠道中细菌生长方面的核心作用。
