Wang Kun, Li Ziao, He Jinshen
Department of Orthopedic Surgery Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University Changsha Hunan China.
Xiangya Scool of Medicine Central South Univeristy Changsha Hunan China.
Food Sci Nutr. 2024 Mar 8;12(6):4185-4195. doi: 10.1002/fsn3.4079. eCollection 2024 Jun.
Coffee is an important beverage that is widely consumed, of which caffeine is the main active ingredient. However, the long-term relationship between caffeine consumption and mortality in hypertensive patients has rarely been studied. This study analyzed a cohort of 12,093 US adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 1999 to 2018. Caffeine consumption was divided into five groups: no intake, >0 to ≤100, >100 to ≤300, >300 to ≤400 and >400 mg/day. Using multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models, this study performed a 20-year follow-up analysis (1999-2018). In the fully adjusted model, all caffeine consumers had lower all-cause mortality compared with no intake, especially in the >300 to ≤400 mg/day group (hazard ratio (HR) 0.71, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.60-0.84). The result of restricted cubic spline also showed a nonlinear association between caffeine consumption and all-cause mortality. For cardiovascular disease, mortality decreased only at >400 mg/day (HR 0.63, 95% CI 0.47-0.85). For cancer, diabetes, and kidney disease, only >300 to ≤400 mg/day was significantly associated with decreased mortality: (HR 0.60, 95% CI 0.42-0.67), (HR 0.22, 95% CI 0.07-0.75), and (HR 0.32, 95% CI 0.10-0.96), respectively. Lower all-cause mortality was observed in non-Hispanic White, African American, population aged 40 or above, and people with a body mass index <25 kg/m. Our findings indicate a nonlinear association between average caffeine consumption and all-cause mortality, suggesting that hypertensive patients may benefit from moderate caffeine intake.
咖啡是一种被广泛饮用的重要饮品，其中咖啡因是主要的活性成分。然而，咖啡因摄入量与高血压患者死亡率之间的长期关系鲜有研究。本研究分析了1999年至2018年美国国家健康与营养检查调查中的12093名成年人队列。咖啡因摄入量分为五组：无摄入、>0至≤100、>100至≤300、>300至≤400和>400毫克/天。本研究使用多变量调整的Cox比例风险模型进行了20年的随访分析（1999 - 2018年）。在完全调整模型中，与无咖啡因摄入者相比，所有咖啡因消费者的全因死亡率都较低，尤其是在>300至≤400毫克/天组（风险比（HR）0.71，95%置信区间（CI）0.60 - 0.84）。受限立方样条结果也显示咖啡因摄入量与全因死亡率之间存在非线性关联。对于心血管疾病，仅在>400毫克/天时有死亡率下降（HR 0.63，95% CI 0.47 - 0.85）。对于癌症、糖尿病和肾脏疾病，仅>300至≤400毫克/天与死亡率下降显著相关，分别为（HR 0.60，95% CI 0.42 - 0.67）、（HR 0.22，95% CI 0.07 - 0.75）和（HR 0.32，95% CI 0.10 - 0.96）。在非西班牙裔白人、非裔美国人、40岁及以上人群以及体重指数<25千克/米的人群中观察到较低的全因死亡率。我们的研究结果表明平均咖啡因摄入量与全因死亡率之间存在非线性关联，提示高血压患者可能从适度摄入咖啡因中获益。
