Department of Kinesiology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA.
Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Green Bay, Green Bay, Wisconsin, USA.
Eur J Sport Sci. 2024 Jun;24(6):804-811. doi: 10.1002/ejsc.12112. Epub 2024 Apr 20.
Guided by family systems and achievement goal theories, this study examined how the sex of athletes and their main sport parents, as well as sport participation patterns (same sport, different sports, and no sports) of parent-athlete and sibling sex compositions (same-sex and mixed-sex), differentiated athlete perceptions of parenting climates-task-involving (emphasizing individual improvements, effort, and mastery) and ego-involving (emphasizing winning and performance comparison). Participants were 353 U.S. high school athletes (M = 15.52 and SD = 1.18; 55% male) who completed a survey on perceived parenting climates, family compositions, and sport backgrounds of their parents and siblings. We conducted six moderated regression analyses, two of which used (1) athlete sex and main sport parents' sex, (2) sport participation patterns of parent-athlete sex compositions, or (3) sport participation patterns of sibling sex compositions as independent variables. Four of the analyses were statistically significant with small effect sizes, showing that (1) boys perceived greater ego-involving climates than girls; (2) athletes whose same-sex parents played sports (same or different sports) compared to no sports-perceived greater task-involving climates: (3) athletes whose mixed-sex parents played (same or different sports) compared to no sports-perceived greater task-involving climates and less ego-involving climates; and (4) athletes whose mixed-sex siblings played different sports than they did, compared no sports, and perceived greater task-involving climates. None of the interactions were significant. Findings provide theoretical and practical implications by incorporating motivational climates, addressing the potential relationships of parents' and mixed-sex siblings' sport participation to adaptive parenting climates.
本研究以家庭系统理论和成就目标理论为指导，探讨了运动员的性别及其主要运动父母的性别，以及运动员和兄弟姐妹的性别构成（同性和异性），如何区分运动员对父母教养氛围的感知——任务导向（强调个人进步、努力和掌握）和自我导向（强调获胜和表现比较）。参与者是 353 名美国高中生运动员（M=15.52，SD=1.18；55%为男性），他们完成了一份关于父母和兄弟姐妹的感知教养氛围、家庭构成和运动背景的调查。我们进行了六项调节回归分析，其中两项使用（1）运动员的性别和主要运动父母的性别，（2）运动员的性别构成的运动参与模式，或（3）兄弟姐妹的性别构成的运动参与模式作为自变量。其中四项分析具有统计学意义，且效应量较小，表明（1）男孩比女孩感知到更大的自我导向氛围；（2）与不参与运动相比，同性父母参与（相同或不同运动）的运动员感知到更大的任务导向氛围；（3）与不参与运动相比，混合性别父母参与（相同或不同运动）的运动员感知到更大的任务导向氛围和更小的自我导向氛围；（4）与不参与运动相比，兄弟姐妹参与不同运动的运动员感知到更大的任务导向氛围。没有一个交互作用是显著的。这些发现通过纳入动机氛围，解决了父母和混合性别兄弟姐妹的运动参与与适应型父母教养氛围的潜在关系，提供了理论和实践意义。
