Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, PR China.
Affiliated Eye Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250000, PR China.
BMC Ophthalmol. 2024 Jun 17;24(1):259. doi: 10.1186/s12886-024-03520-8.
The anatomic structure of the anterior chamber (AC) helps to explain differences in refractive status in school-aged children and is closely associated with primary angle closure (PAC). The aim of this study was to quantify and analyze the anterior chamber and angle (ACA) characteristics in Chinese children with different refractive status by swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT).
In a cross-sectional observational study, 383 children from two primary schools in Shandong Province, China, underwent a complete ophthalmic examination. First, the anterior chamber depth (ACD), anterior chamber width (ACW), angle-opening distance (AOD), and trabecular-iris space area (TISA) were evaluated automatically using a CASIA2 imaging device. AOD and TISA were measured at 500, 750 μm nasal (N1 and N2, respectively), and temporal (T1 and T2, respectively) to the scleral spur (SS). Cycloplegic refraction and axial length (AL) were then measured. According to spherical equivalent refraction (SER), the children were assigned to hyperopic (SER > 0.50D), emmetropic (-0.50D < SER ≤ 0.50D), and myopic groups (SER ≤ -0.50D).
Out of the 383 children, 349 healthy children (160 girls) with a mean age of 8.23 ± 1.06 years (range: 6-11 years) were included. The mean SER and AL were - 0.10 ± 1.57D and 23.44 ± 0.95 mm, respectively. The mean ACD and ACW were 3.17 ± 0.24 mm and 11.69 ± 0.43 mm. The mean AOD were 0.72 ± 0.25, 0.63 ± 0.22 mm at N1, T1, and 0.98 ± 0.30, 0.84 ± 0.27 mm at N2, T2. The mean TISA were 0.24 ± 0.09, 0.22 ± 0.09mm at N1, T1, and 0.46 ± 0.16, 0.40 ± 0.14mm at N2, T2. The myopic group had the deepest AC and the widest angle. Compared with boys, girls had shorter AL, shallower ACD, narrower ACW, and ACA (all p < 0.05). By Pearson's correlation analysis, SER was negatively associated with ACD, AOD, and TISA. AL was positively associated with ACD, ACW, AOD, and TISA. In the multiple regression analysis, AOD and TISA were associated with deeper ACD, narrower ACW, and longer AL.
In primary school students, the myopic eyes have deeper AC and wider angle. ACD, ACW, AOD, and TISA all increase with axial elongation. ACA is highly correlated with deeper ACD.
前房（AC）的解剖结构有助于解释学龄儿童屈光状态的差异，与原发性闭角型青光眼（PAC）密切相关。本研究旨在通过扫频源光学相干断层扫描（SS-OCT）定量分析中国不同屈光状态儿童的前房和房角（ACA）特征。
在一项横断面观察性研究中，来自中国山东省两所小学的 383 名儿童接受了全面的眼科检查。首先，使用 CASIA2 成像设备自动评估前房深度（ACD）、前房宽度（ACW）、房角开口距离（AOD）和小梁虹膜空间面积（TISA）。AOD 和 TISA 分别在巩膜突（SS）鼻侧 500、750μm（分别为 N1 和 N2）和颞侧 500、750μm（分别为 T1 和 T2）处测量。然后测量睫状肌麻痹状态下的屈光度和眼轴长度（AL）。根据等效球镜屈光度（SER），将儿童分为远视组（SER>0.50D）、正视组（-0.50D<SER≤0.50D）和近视组（SER≤-0.50D）。
383 名儿童中，纳入 349 名健康儿童（160 名女孩），平均年龄为 8.23±1.06 岁（6-11 岁）。平均 SER 和 AL 分别为-0.10±1.57D 和 23.44±0.95mm。平均 ACD 和 ACW 分别为 3.17±0.24mm 和 11.69±0.43mm。平均 AOD 分别为 0.72±0.25、0.63±0.22mm（N1、T1）和 0.98±0.30、0.84±0.27mm（N2、T2）。平均 TISA 分别为 0.24±0.09、0.22±0.09mm（N1、T1）和 0.46±0.16、0.40±0.14mm（N2、T2）。近视组的 AC 最深，角度最宽。与男孩相比，女孩的 AL 更短，ACD 更浅，ACW 更窄，ACA 更小（均 P<0.05）。通过 Pearson 相关分析，SER 与 ACD、AOD 和 TISA 呈负相关。AL 与 ACD、ACW、AOD 和 TISA 呈正相关。在多元回归分析中，AOD 和 TISA 与更深的 ACD、更窄的 ACW 和更长的 AL 有关。
在小学生中，近视眼的 AC 更深，角度更宽。ACD、ACW、AOD 和 TISA 均随眼轴延长而增加。ACA 与更深的 ACD 高度相关。
