The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China.
Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China.
Rev Neurosci. 2024 Jun 19;35(8):855-875. doi: 10.1515/revneuro-2024-0043. Print 2024 Dec 17.
Neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and Huntington's disease (HD), pose significant global health risks and represent a substantial public health concern in the contemporary era. A primary factor in the pathophysiology of these disorders is aberrant accumulation and aggregation of pathogenic proteins within the brain and spinal cord. Recent investigations have identified extracellular vesicles (EVs) in the central nervous system (CNS) as potential carriers for intercellular transport of misfolded proteins associated with neurodegenerative diseases. EVs are involved in pathological processes that contribute to various brain disorders including neurodegenerative disorders. Proteins linked to neurodegenerative disorders are secreted and distributed from cell to cell via EVs, serving as a mechanism for direct intercellular communication through the transfer of biomolecules. Astrocytes, as active participants in CNS intercellular communication, release astrocyte-derived extracellular vesicles (ADEVs) that are capable of interacting with diverse target cells. This review primarily focuses on the involvement of ADEVs in the development of neurological disorders and explores their potential dual roles - both advantageous and disadvantageous in the context of neurological disorders. Furthermore, this review examines the current studies investigating ADEVs as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. The prospects and challenges associated with the application of ADEVs in clinical settings were also comprehensively reviewed.
神经退行性疾病，包括阿尔茨海默病（AD）、帕金森病（PD）、肌萎缩侧索硬化症（ALS）和亨廷顿病（HD），对全球健康构成重大威胁，是当代公共卫生关注的重大问题。这些疾病的病理生理学的一个主要因素是脑和脊髓内致病性蛋白的异常积累和聚集。最近的研究表明，中枢神经系统（CNS）中的细胞外囊泡（EVs）可能是与神经退行性疾病相关的错误折叠蛋白在细胞间运输的潜在载体。EVs 参与了导致各种脑疾病包括神经退行性疾病的病理过程。与神经退行性疾病相关的蛋白质通过 EVs 从一个细胞分泌和分布到另一个细胞，充当通过生物分子转移进行直接细胞间通讯的机制。星形胶质细胞作为中枢神经系统细胞间通讯的积极参与者，释放能够与各种靶细胞相互作用的星形胶质细胞衍生的细胞外囊泡（ADEVs）。本综述主要关注 ADEVs 在神经疾病发展中的作用，并探讨其在神经疾病背景下的潜在双重作用——有利和不利。此外，本综述还考察了目前关于 ADEVs 作为神经退行性疾病诊断和治疗潜在生物标志物的研究。还全面审查了 ADEVs 在临床应用中面临的前景和挑战。
