Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
J Biomater Appl. 2023 Aug;38(2):159-178. doi: 10.1177/08853282231185352. Epub 2023 Jul 22.
Although essential nanosystems such as nanoparticles and nanocarriers are desirable options for transporting various drug molecules into the biological environment, they rapidly remove from the circulatory system due to their interaction with multiple in vivo barriers, especially the immune barrier, which will result in their short-term effects. In order to improve their effectiveness and durability in the circulatory system, the polymer coatings can use to cover the surface of nanoparticles and nanocarriers to conceal them from the immune system. Due to their different properties (like charge, elasticity, and hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity), these coatings can improve drug delivery nanosystem durability and therapeutic applications. The mentioned coatings have different types and are divided into various categories, such as synthetic polymers, polysaccharides, and zwitterionic polymers. Each of these polymers has unique properties based on its category, origin, and chemical structure that make them suitable for producing stealth drug delivery nanocarriers. In this review article, we have tried to explain the importance of these diverse polymer coatings in determining the fate of drug nanocarriers and then introduced the different types of these coatings and, finally, described various methods that directly and indirectly analyze the nanocoatings to determine the stability of nanoparticles in the body.
虽然纳米粒子和纳米载体等基本纳米系统是将各种药物分子输送到生物环境中的理想选择，但由于它们与多种体内屏障（特别是免疫屏障）相互作用，它们会迅速从循环系统中清除，从而导致其短期效果。为了提高它们在循环系统中的有效性和耐久性，可以使用聚合物涂层覆盖纳米粒子和纳米载体的表面，以使其免受免疫系统的影响。由于这些涂层具有不同的性质（如电荷、弹性和亲水性/疏水性），因此可以提高药物递送纳米系统的耐久性和治疗应用效果。提到的涂层有不同的类型，并分为各种类别，如合成聚合物、多糖和两性离子聚合物。基于其类别、来源和化学结构，这些聚合物中的每一种都具有独特的性质，使它们适合生产隐形药物递送纳米载体。在这篇综述文章中，我们试图解释这些不同的聚合物涂层在决定药物纳米载体命运方面的重要性，然后介绍了这些涂层的不同类型，并最后描述了直接和间接分析纳米涂层以确定纳米粒子在体内稳定性的各种方法。
