Buthelezi Lungelo Given, Mavengahama Sydney, Sibiya Julia, Mchunu Charmaine Nontokozo, Ntuli Nontuthuko Rosemary
Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Science, Agriculture and Engineering, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa.
Food Security and Safety Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Science, North-West University, Mmabatho 2745, South Africa.
Plants (Basel). 2024 May 27;13(11):1475. doi: 10.3390/plants13111475.
(Molina) Standley, a member of the Cucurbitaceae family, is valued for its medicinal and nutritive properties. The nutrient status of sequentially harvested shoots and fruits at various growth stages in has not been documented to date. This study aimed to compare the nutritional status of landrace shoots and fruits harvested at different maturity stages. Micronutrients, macronutrients, and proximate composition of shoots and fruits were determined using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Data were subjected to multivariate statistical analysis. The nutrient attributes differed significantly ( < 0.05) within and among landraces at different growth stages. Correlation of nutritional traits was primarily based on shared absorption sites and comparable chemical composition. The first five principal components in shoots and fruits had 90.218 and 89.918% total variability, respectively. The micronutrients Ca, Mg, K, P, and N in shoots and the macronutrients Fe, Zn, Cu, and Al in fruits were the main contributors to variability. The biplot and dendrogram clustered landraces with comparable nutrient values. Shoot traits classified landraces into three major clusters, where clusters I and II grouped landraces with superior and inferior Mg, P, K, N, Fe, K/Ca+Mg, ADL, and protein levels at 42-63 DAS. Cluster III consisted of landraces with more Ca, Na, Mn, Zn, and Cu. However, the fruit nutrient status classified landraces into two major clusters. Cluster I comprised landrace KSC (as a singlet) with the highest Ca, P, N, Mn, Fe, Zn, and Cu contents at various stages of growth (7-21 DAA). Cluster II had landraces with higher K, C/N ratio, Na, moisture content, ash, protein, and fat. The nutritional status of shoots and fruits determined at different stages of growth is essential for selecting the best harvest time and landrace(s) for required daily nutrient intake.
（莫利纳）斯坦德利属葫芦科，因其药用和营养特性而受到重视。迄今为止，尚未有关于其在不同生长阶段连续收获的嫩枝和果实营养状况的记录。本研究旨在比较不同成熟阶段收获的地方品种嫩枝和果实的营养状况。使用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法（ICP - OES）测定嫩枝和果实中的微量营养素、大量营养素及近似成分。对数据进行多元统计分析。不同生长阶段的地方品种内部和之间的营养属性存在显著差异（P < 0.05）。营养性状的相关性主要基于共同的吸收位点和可比的化学成分。嫩枝和果实中的前五个主成分分别具有90.218%和89.918%的总变异性。嫩枝中的微量营养素钙、镁、钾、磷和氮以及果实中的大量营养素铁、锌、铜和铝是变异性的主要贡献者。双标图和树状图将营养值可比的地方品种聚类。嫩枝性状将地方品种分为三个主要聚类，其中聚类I和II将在42 - 63天龄期镁、磷、钾、氮、铁、钾/钙 + 镁、酸性洗涤木质素和蛋白质水平较高和较低的地方品种归为一组。聚类III由钙、钠、锰、锌和铜含量较高的地方品种组成。然而，果实营养状况将地方品种分为两个主要聚类。聚类I包括地方品种KSC（单独一组），其在不同生长阶段（7 - 21天龄期）的钙、磷、氮、锰、铁、锌和铜含量最高。聚类II包含钾、碳/氮比、钠、水分含量、灰分、蛋白质和脂肪含量较高的地方品种。在不同生长阶段确定的嫩枝和果实营养状况对于选择最佳收获时间和满足每日所需营养摄入量的地方品种至关重要。
