Yin Jing, Yuan Dandan, Xu Ziqiu, Wu Yuannuo, Chen Zhong, Xiang Xingjia
School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China.
Anhui Shengjin Lake Wetland Ecology National Long-Term Scientific Research Base, Chizhou 247230, China.
Animals (Basel). 2024 Jun 5;14(11):1688. doi: 10.3390/ani14111688.
The host's physiological well-being is intricately associated with the gut microbiota. However, previous studies regarding the intestinal microbiota have focused on domesticated or captive birds. This study used high-throughput sequencing technology to identify the gut bacterial communities of sympatric bean geese, hooded cranes, and domestic geese. The results indicated that the gut bacterial diversity in domestic geese and hooded cranes showed considerably higher diversity than bean geese. The gut bacterial community compositions varied significantly among the three hosts ( < 0.05). Compared to the hooded crane, the bean goose and domestic goose were more similar in their genotype and evolutionary history, with less difference in the bacterial community composition and assembly processes between the two species. Thus, the results might support the crucial role of host genotypes on their gut microbiota. The gut bacteria of wild hooded cranes and bean geese had a greater capacity for energy metabolism compared to domestic geese, suggesting that wild birds may rely more on their gut microbiota to survive in cold conditions. Moreover, the intestines of the three hosts were identified as harboring potential pathogens. The relative abundance of pathogens was higher in the hooded crane compared to the other two species. The hooded crane gut bacterial community assemblage revealed the least deterministic process with the lowest filtering/selection on the gut microbiota, which might have been a reason for the highest number of pathogens result. Compared to the hooded crane, the sympatric bean goose showed the least diversity and relative abundance of pathogens. The intestinal bacterial co-occurrence network showed the highest stability in the bean goose, potentially enhancing host resistance to adverse environments and reducing the susceptibility to pathogen invasion. In this study, the pathogens were also discovered to overlap among the three hosts, reminding us to monitor the potential for pathogen transmission between poultry and wild birds. Overall, the current findings have the potential to enhance the understanding of gut bacterial and pathogenic community structures in poultry and wild birds.
宿主的生理健康与肠道微生物群密切相关。然而，先前关于肠道微生物群的研究主要集中在驯化或圈养的鸟类上。本研究利用高通量测序技术鉴定了同域分布的豆雁、白头鹤和家鹅的肠道细菌群落。结果表明，家鹅和白头鹤的肠道细菌多样性显著高于豆雁。三种宿主的肠道细菌群落组成差异显著（<0.05）。与白头鹤相比，豆雁和家鹅在基因型和进化历史上更为相似，两者之间的细菌群落组成和组装过程差异较小。因此，这些结果可能支持宿主基因型对其肠道微生物群的关键作用。与家鹅相比，野生白头鹤和豆雁的肠道细菌具有更强的能量代谢能力，这表明野生鸟类可能更多地依赖其肠道微生物群在寒冷条件下生存。此外，三种宿主的肠道中都发现了潜在病原体。白头鹤体内病原体的相对丰度高于其他两个物种。白头鹤肠道细菌群落组装显示出对肠道微生物群的过滤/选择作用最小，这可能是其病原体数量最多的原因。与白头鹤相比，同域分布的豆雁的病原体多样性和相对丰度最低。肠道细菌共现网络在豆雁中表现出最高的稳定性，这可能增强了宿主对不利环境的抵抗力，并降低了病原体入侵的易感性。在本研究中，还发现三种宿主之间的病原体存在重叠，这提醒我们要监测家禽和野生鸟类之间病原体传播的可能性。总体而言，目前的研究结果有可能增进我们对家禽和野生鸟类肠道细菌及致病群落结构的理解。
