Department of Medical Science and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy.
Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Cagliari, 09123 Cagliari, Italy.
Nutrients. 2024 May 21;16(11):1557. doi: 10.3390/nu16111557.
The nutritional status in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is often impaired, and adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) remains under-investigated. The aim of this study was to assess diet quality (DQ) and adherence to MedDiet in a cohort of Sardinian IBD patients. We conducted a case-control study in which 50 Crohn's disease (CD) and 50 ulcerative colitis (UC) patients were matched with 100 healthy controls each. The Diet Quality Index (DQI-I) and Medi-Lite were used to assess DQ and adherence to MedDiet, respectively. Subgroup analysis by disease characteristics and use of advanced therapies were also carried out. DQI-I scored significantly lower in IBD, independently of disease localization and behavior (CD) and disease extent (UC): [DQI-I: CD 34.5 (IQR 33-37) vs. CTRL 40 (IQR 38.5-43) < 0.0001; UC 34.5 (IQR 33-37) vs. CTRL 42 (IQR 40-44) < 0.0001]. Medi-Lite scores were significantly lower in stricturing and ileo-colonic CD and in extensive UC: [Medi-Lite CD 7.5 (IQR 7-9)] vs. CTRL 9 (IQR 7-10) = 0.0379]; [UC 8 (IQR7-10) vs. CTRL 9 (IQR 8-10.5) = 0.0046]. IBD patients had a low DQ independently of disease type and phenotype. Patients with ileo-colonic stenosing CD or extensive UC had lower MedDiet adherence, suggesting that its benefits may be mitigated by low acceptance in specific subgroups.
炎症性肠病（IBD）患者的营养状况常常受损，而地中海饮食（MedDiet）的依从性仍未得到充分研究。本研究旨在评估撒丁岛 IBD 患者队列的饮食质量（DQ）和对 MedDiet 的依从性。我们进行了一项病例对照研究，其中 50 例克罗恩病（CD）和 50 例溃疡性结肠炎（UC）患者分别与 100 名健康对照者匹配。使用饮食质量指数（DQI-I）和 Medi-Lite 分别评估 DQ 和对 MedDiet 的依从性。还进行了按疾病特征和使用先进疗法的亚组分析。IBD 患者的 DQI-I 评分显著低于对照组，且与疾病定位和行为（CD）和疾病范围（UC）无关：[DQI-I：CD 34.5（IQR 33-37）vs. 对照组 40（IQR 38.5-43）<0.0001；UC 34.5（IQR 33-37）vs. 对照组 42（IQR 40-44）<0.0001]。限制型和回结肠型 CD 以及广泛性 UC 患者的 Medi-Lite 评分显著较低：[Medi-Lite CD 7.5（IQR 7-9）]vs. 对照组 9（IQR 7-10）=0.0379]；[UC 8（IQR7-10）vs. 对照组 9（IQR 8-10.5）=0.0046]。无论疾病类型和表型如何，IBD 患者的 DQ 均较低。回结肠狭窄型 CD 或广泛性 UC 患者的 MedDiet 依从性较低，表明其益处可能在特定亚组中因接受程度低而受到影响。
