Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of the Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 81100 Naples, Italy.
Department of Translational Medical Science, Section of Pediatrics, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.
Nutrients. 2020 Oct 20;12(10):3206. doi: 10.3390/nu12103206.
Nutritional support is very important in the treatment of Paediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). The role of the Mediterranean Diet (MD) has been understudied in children with IBD. The aims of this study were to assess the dietary intakes of IBD children in comparison with healthy controls (HCs), their adherence to MD; and the relationship between inflammation and dietary behaviors.
Paediatric IBD patients in clinical remission and HCs were enrolled. The nutritional status and adherence to the Mediterranean Diet was evaluated through a 3-day food diary and the Mediterranean Diet Quality Index for Children and Adolescents (KIDMED).
The analysis of food diaries showed a significantly higher kilocalorie intake in IBD patients compared to HCs ( = 0.012), an increase in carbohydrates ( = 0.015) and in protein intake ( = 0.024). Both IBD and HCs have an intermediate adherence to MD. The comparison between Crohn's disease (CD) and Ulcerative colitis (UC) patients showed significant difference in protein intake in CD patients ( = 0.047), as well as for vitamin D ( = 0.044) and iron intake ( = 0.023). Interestingly; in IBD patients we found a significant association between adherence to MD and a low level of fecal calprotectin ( = 0.027).
Children with IBD in remission have a sub-optimal food intake compared to HCs. MD seems to correlate to decreased intestinal inflammation.
营养支持在小儿炎症性肠病（IBD）的治疗中非常重要。地中海饮食（MD）在儿童 IBD 中的作用尚未得到充分研究。本研究旨在评估 IBD 患儿的饮食摄入情况，并与健康对照者（HCs）进行比较，评估其对 MD 的依从性；以及炎症与饮食行为之间的关系。
招募处于临床缓解期的小儿 IBD 患者和 HCs。通过 3 天的饮食日记和儿童青少年地中海饮食质量指数（KIDMED）评估营养状况和对地中海饮食的依从性。
饮食日记分析显示，IBD 患者的热量摄入明显高于 HCs（ = 0.012），碳水化合物（ = 0.015）和蛋白质摄入（ = 0.024）增加。IBD 和 HCs 对 MD 的依从性均处于中等水平。CD 和 UC 患者之间的比较显示，CD 患者的蛋白质摄入（ = 0.047）、维生素 D（ = 0.044）和铁摄入（ = 0.023）存在显著差异。有趣的是；在 IBD 患者中，我们发现 MD 的依从性与粪便钙卫蛋白水平降低之间存在显著关联（ = 0.027）。
处于缓解期的 IBD 患儿的食物摄入量低于 HCs。MD 似乎与肠道炎症减轻有关。
