Department of Didactics of Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, University of the Basque Country, UPV-EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain.
Biovetmed & Sportsci Research Group, Department of Physical Activity and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Murcia, 30720 San Javier, Spain.
Sensors (Basel). 2024 May 27;24(11):3455. doi: 10.3390/s24113455.
The popularity of surfing has increased exponentially, reaching its recent debut in the Olympic Games. However, surfing suffers from a relative immature technological market, while in other sports some technologies such as global navigation satellite systems (GNSSs) have become an essential work material for strength and conditioning and head coaches. This article aims to systematically review surfers' time-motion demands based on GNSSs. A systematic review of relevant articles was carried out using five main databases (PubMed, ProQuest Central, SCOPUS, SPORTDiscus, and FECYT (Web of Sciences, CCC, CIDW, KJD, MEDLINE, RSCI, and SCIELO)) until 23 March 2024. From the 238 studies initially found, 9 were included in the qualitative synthesis. In these, GNSS devices were employed with male (n = 143) and female (n = 28) surfers from different levels during competition and training situations. The studies show that the intermittent nature of the sport is evident, with substantial periods spent paddling and waiting punctuated by relatively brief high-intensity efforts when riding waves at high speeds. Notable differences emerged between competition and training demands, suggesting potential mismatches in how athletes currently prepare compared to event requirements. These novel insights allow quantifying surfing's harsh physiological requirements and could guide conditioning practices to better meet the sport's unique characteristics across populations. Therefore, training should emulate the lengthy aerobic capabilities needed for the paddling volumes observed, while also targeting the anaerobic systems to meet the repeated high-intensity surf riding efforts. However, inconsistencies in methods and reporting practices limit direct comparisons and comprehensive profiling of the sport's physical characteristics.
冲浪运动的普及呈指数级增长，最近在奥运会上首次亮相。然而，冲浪运动的技术市场相对不成熟，而在其他运动项目中，一些技术（如全球导航卫星系统 (GNSS)）已成为力量和体能教练以及主教练的基本工作材料。本文旨在通过 GNSS 系统对冲浪者的时间动作需求进行系统综述。使用五个主要数据库（PubMed、ProQuest Central、SCOPUS、SPORTDiscus 和 FECYT（Web of Sciences、CCC、CIDW、KJD、MEDLINE、RSCI 和 SCIELO））对相关文章进行了系统综述，检索时间截至 2024 年 3 月 23 日。在最初发现的 238 项研究中，有 9 项被纳入定性综合分析。在这些研究中，GNSS 设备被用于不同水平的男性（n = 143）和女性（n = 28）冲浪者在比赛和训练情况下。研究表明，该运动具有间歇性特征，冲浪者大部分时间都在划桨和等待，只有在高速冲浪时才能进行相对短暂的高强度活动。比赛和训练需求之间存在明显差异，表明运动员目前的准备情况与比赛要求可能不匹配。这些新的见解使我们能够量化冲浪运动苛刻的生理需求，并指导训练实践更好地满足不同人群的运动独特特征。因此，训练应该模仿观察到的划桨量所需的长时间有氧能力，同时针对无氧系统，以满足反复的高强度冲浪骑行活动。然而，方法和报告实践的不一致限制了直接比较和对运动物理特征的全面分析。
