Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia
Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, Australia.
Br J Sports Med. 2022 Jan;56(1):51-60. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2021-104307. Epub 2021 Dec 3.
Surfing has rapidly grown in popularity as the sport made its debut at the Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games. Surfing injuries are becoming more relevant with the globalisation and increasing risks of the sport, but despite this, little is known about surfing injuries or prevention strategies in either the competitive or recreational surfer. Prior research demonstrates that surfers are injured at a frequency of 0.74-1.79 injuries per 1000 hours of surfing. We reviewed the literature for the incidence, anatomical distribution, type and underlying mechanism of acute and overuse injuries, and discuss current preventative measures. This review finds that skin injuries represent the highest proportion of total injuries. Acute injuries most frequently affect the head, neck and face, followed by the lower limbs. Being struck by one's own board is the most common mechanism of injury. Non-contact acute ligament injuries have increased as surfing manoeuvres have become more acrobatic and overuse musculoskeletal injuries are highly correlated with paddling. However, there is a paucity of research for surfing injuries, and studies on overuse musculoskeletal injuries and prevention are disproportionally under-represented. Most of the prior studies are limited by small sample sizes, poor data collection methodology and geographical constraints. Further research is needed to establish preventative measures for both acute and overuse surfing injuries and to ensure the increasing popularity of surfing is met with an improved understanding of sport risks and safety. Specifically, we recommend research be prioritised regarding the efficacy of training programmes to prevent surfing-related overuse musculoskeletal injuries.
冲浪作为一项运动，在东京 2020 年奥运会上首次亮相，便迅速流行起来。随着这项运动的全球化和风险的增加，冲浪受伤的情况越来越多，但尽管如此，人们对竞技冲浪者或娱乐冲浪者的冲浪受伤或预防策略知之甚少。先前的研究表明，冲浪者受伤的频率为每 1000 小时冲浪 0.74-1.79 次受伤。我们回顾了文献，了解急性和过度使用损伤的发生率、解剖分布、类型和潜在机制，并讨论了当前的预防措施。这篇综述发现，皮肤损伤占总损伤的比例最高。急性损伤最常影响头部、颈部和面部，其次是下肢。被自己的冲浪板击中是最常见的受伤机制。随着冲浪动作变得更加杂技化，非接触性急性韧带损伤有所增加，过度使用肌肉骨骼损伤与划水高度相关。然而，关于冲浪受伤的研究很少，过度使用肌肉骨骼损伤和预防的研究比例严重不足。大多数先前的研究受到样本量小、数据收集方法不完善和地理限制的限制。需要进一步的研究来确定急性和过度使用冲浪受伤的预防措施，并确保随着冲浪运动越来越受欢迎，人们对运动风险和安全有更深入的了解。具体来说，我们建议优先研究培训计划预防与冲浪相关的过度使用肌肉骨骼损伤的效果。
