Xu Lei, Yuan Penghua, Liu Wanrong, Liu Linlin, Li Xiongfeng, Xie Lianfeng
Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China.
Department of Ophthalmology, Yudu County People's Hospital, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China.
Front Nutr. 2024 Jun 4;11:1408497. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1408497. eCollection 2024.
Magnesium levels may influence the effect of vitamin D levels on the body. This study aimed to assess the combined effect of magnesium status as reflected by magnesium depletion score (MDS) and vitamin D status on the risk of retinopathy.
This cross-sectional study included participants aged 40 years and older with complete information on vitamin D, MDS, and retinopathy assessment from the 2005-2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Logistic regression analysis was utilized to analyze the relationship of MDS and vitamin D with retinopathy and expressed as odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI).
Of these 4,953 participants included, 602 (9.53%) participants had retinopathy. Serum vitamin D levels ≤30 nmol/L (vs. >30 nmol/L) (OR = 1.38, 95%CI: 1.05-1.81) and MDS >2 points (vs. ≤2 points) (OR = 1.47, 95%CI: 1.01-2.16) were associated with higher odds of retinopathy. There was an interaction between MDS and vitamin D on the increased odds of retinopathy (OR = 2.29, 95%CI: 1.12-4.68, = 0.025). In different MDS groups, serum vitamin D levels ≤30 nmol/L increased the odds of retinopathy only in the MDS >2 group (OR = 2.90, 95%CI: 1.16-7.24), but not in the MDS ≤2 group ( = 0.293). Subgroups analyses demonstrated that the interaction between MDS and serum vitamin D on retinopathy was observed in males (OR = 6.88, 95%CI: 1.41-33.66, = 0.019), people with diabetes (OR = 3.43, 95%CI: 1.78-6.63, < 0.001), and people with body mass index (BMI) ≥25 kg/m (OR = 2.46, 95%CI: 1.11-5.44, = 0.028).
Magnesium plays a moderating role in the relationship between serum vitamin D and retinopathy. The protective effect of vitamin D against retinopathy was primarily present among those with inadequate magnesium levels.
镁水平可能会影响维生素D水平对身体的作用。本研究旨在评估镁缺乏评分（MDS）所反映的镁状态与维生素D状态对视网膜病变风险的联合影响。
这项横断面研究纳入了年龄在40岁及以上、来自2005 - 2008年美国国家健康与营养检查调查（NHANES）且拥有关于维生素D、MDS及视网膜病变评估完整信息的参与者。采用逻辑回归分析来分析MDS和维生素D与视网膜病变的关系，并以比值比（OR）和95%置信区间（CI）表示。
在纳入的这4953名参与者中，602名（9.53%）患有视网膜病变。血清维生素D水平≤30 nmol/L（对比>30 nmol/L）（OR = 1.38，95%CI：1.05 - 1.81）以及MDS>2分（对比≤2分）（OR = 1.47，95%CI：1.01 - 2.16）与视网膜病变的较高几率相关。MDS和维生素D在视网膜病变几率增加方面存在交互作用（OR = 2.29，95%CI：1.12 - 4.68，P = 0.025）。在不同的MDS组中，血清维生素D水平≤30 nmol/L仅在MDS>2组增加了视网膜病变的几率（OR = 2.90，95%CI：1.16 - 7.24），而在MDS≤2组中未增加（P = 0.293）。亚组分析表明，在男性（OR = 6.88，95%CI：1.41 - 33.66，P = 0.019）、糖尿病患者（OR = 3.43，95%CI：1.78 - 6.63，P < 0.001）以及体重指数（BMI）≥25 kg/m²的人群（OR = 2.46，95%CI：1.11 - 5.44，P = 0.028）中观察到MDS和血清维生素D对视网膜病变的交互作用。
镁在血清维生素D与视网膜病变的关系中起调节作用。维生素D对视网膜病变的保护作用主要存在于镁水平不足的人群中。
