Hander Nicole R, Krohn Julia, Kohl Fiona, Heming Meike, Erim Yesim, Herold Regina, Kröger Christoph, Hansmann Marieke, Köllner Volker, Chrysanthou Sophia, Wegewitz Uta, Schröder Ute B, Feißt Manuel, Herrmann Kristin, Rothermund Eva
Klinik für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Alle 23, 89081, Ulm, Baden-Württemberg, Deutschland.
Institut für Arbeits‑, Sozial- und Umweltmedizin, Centre for Health and Society, Medizinische Fakultät und Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heinrich-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Deutschland.
Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz. 2024 Jul;67(7):772-782. doi: 10.1007/s00103-024-03904-7. Epub 2024 Jun 19.
The utilization of psychotherapeutic consultation at work (PT-A) has so far been investigated in large enterprises (LEs). These differ structurally from small(est) and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Differences in the user profiles of a PT‑A with regard to psychosomatic health, work-related self-efficacy, and work ability depending on company size have hardly been investigated. This study also examined differences in the employees' perception of the psychosocial safety climate (PSC) in the company, which represents management's efforts to promote mental health.
As part of the Early Intervention in the Workplace intervention study called "friaa", employees from LEs and SMEs interested in a PT‑A were surveyed throughout Germany from September 2021 to January 2023. Using t‑ and χ-tests, differences between employees in LEs (n = 439) and SMEs (n = 109) were examined with regard to the ICD-10 F diagnostic code ("International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems"; mental and behavioral disorders), depression (PHQ-9), anxiety (GAD-2), level of functioning (GAF), somatic symptom burden (SSS-8), health (VR-12), ability to work (WAI), self-efficacy (SOSES), and psychosocial safety climate (PSC-4). The association between these variables and especially the PSC‑4 were investigated using correlation analysis.
Both groups showed similar levels of stress. From the employees' perspective, psychosocial issues were addressed significantly more frequently in LEs than in SMEs with a medium effect size. The study provided initial indications that in LEs there were positive correlations of the PSC‑4 with SOSES and WAI and negative ones with PHQ‑9 and SSS‑8.
The comparable psychological strain on employees in LEs and SMEs points to the need for behavioral and structural preventive measures regardless of the company size. Mainly in SMEs, organizational communication of psychosocial health should be given greater priority.
迄今为止，仅在大型企业中对工作场所心理治疗咨询（PT-A）的利用情况进行了调查。这些企业在结构上与小型和中型企业（SME）不同。关于身心疾病健康、工作相关自我效能感和工作能力方面，PT-A的用户概况因公司规模而异的情况几乎未得到研究。本研究还考察了员工对公司心理社会安全氛围（PSC）的认知差异，PSC代表管理层促进心理健康的努力。
作为名为“friaa”的工作场所早期干预研究的一部分，2021年9月至2023年1月期间，对德国境内对PT-A感兴趣的大型企业和中小企业员工进行了调查。使用t检验和χ检验，就国际疾病分类第10版F诊断编码（“国际疾病及相关健康问题统计分类”；精神和行为障碍）、抑郁（PHQ-9）、焦虑（GAD-2）、功能水平（GAF）、躯体症状负担（SSS-8）、健康状况（VR-12）、工作能力（WAI）、自我效能感（SOSES）和心理社会安全氛围（PSC-4），对大型企业（n = 439）和中小企业（n = 109）的员工差异进行了考察。使用相关分析研究了这些变量之间的关联，尤其是PSC-4之间的关联。
两组的压力水平相似。从员工的角度来看，大型企业中比中小企业更频繁地处理心理社会问题，效应量中等。该研究提供了初步迹象，表明在大型企业中，PSC-4与SOSES和WAI呈正相关，与PHQ-9和SSS-8呈负相关。
大型企业和中小企业员工面临的类似心理压力表明，无论公司规模大小，都需要采取行为和结构性预防措施。主要在中小企业中，应更加重视心理社会健康的组织沟通。
