Centre Fòrum Research Unit, Institut de Neuropsiquiatria i Addiccions (INAD), Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain; IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain; PhD Programme, Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
J Affect Disord. 2021 Jul 1;290:378-386. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.04.071. Epub 2021 May 1.
Depression and anxiety are the most prevalent mental health difficulties in the workplace, costing the global economy $1 trillion each year. Evidence indicates that symptoms may be reduced by interventions in the workplace. This paper is the first to systematically review psychosocial interventions for depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation and behaviours in small-to medium-size enterprises (SMEs).
A systematic search following PRISMA guidelines, registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020156275), was conducted for psychosocial interventions targeting depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation/behaviour in SMEs. The PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus, and two specific occupational health databases were searched, as well as four databases for grey literature, without time limit until 2nd December 2019.
In total, 1283 records were identified, 70 were retained for full-text screening, and seven met the inclusion criteria: three randomised controlled trials (RCTs), three before and after designs and one non-randomised trial, comprising 5111 participants. Study quality was low to moderate according to the Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies. Five studies showed a reduction in depression and anxiety symptoms using techniques based on cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), two reported no significant change.
Low number and high heterogeneity of interventions and outcomes, high attrition and lack of rigorous RCTs.
Preliminary evidence indicates CBT-based interventions can be effective in targeting symptoms of depression and anxiety in SME employees. There may be unique challenges to implementing programmes in SMEs. Further research is needed in this important area.
抑郁和焦虑是工作场所最常见的心理健康问题，每年给全球经济造成 1 万亿美元的损失。有证据表明，通过工作场所干预可以减轻这些症状。本文首次系统地综述了针对中小企业（SMEs）的抑郁、焦虑和自杀意念及行为的心理社会干预措施。
按照 PRISMA 指南进行系统检索，在 PROSPERO（CRD42020156275）中进行了注册，检索了针对 SMEs 中抑郁、焦虑和自杀意念/行为的心理社会干预措施。检索了 PubMed、PsycINFO、Scopus 和两个特定的职业健康数据库，以及四个灰色文献数据库，没有时间限制，截至 2019 年 12 月 2 日。
共确定了 1283 条记录，对 70 条记录进行了全文筛选，有 7 条符合纳入标准：3 项随机对照试验（RCTs）、3 项前后设计和 1 项非随机试验，共纳入 5111 名参与者。根据定量研究质量评估工具，研究质量为低至中等。五项研究表明，使用基于认知行为疗法（CBT）的技术可降低抑郁和焦虑症状，两项研究报告无显著变化。
干预措施和结果的数量少且异质性高，失访率高且缺乏严格的 RCTs。
初步证据表明，基于 CBT 的干预措施可以有效针对 SME 员工的抑郁和焦虑症状。在中小企业实施方案可能存在独特的挑战。在这个重要领域需要进一步的研究。
