Glad Kristin Alve, Dyb Grete, Boelen Paul A, Wentzel-Larsen Tore, Stensland Synne Ø
Norwegian Centre for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies.
Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Utrecht University.
Psychol Trauma. 2025 Mar;17(3):477-484. doi: 10.1037/tra0001684. Epub 2024 Jun 20.
A better understanding of the development of prolonged grief disorder can help professionals identify bereaved in need of intervention efforts and improve the efficiency of services. We aimed to examine the prevalence of and risk factors for prolonged grief disorder in a sample of young, bereaved terrorist attack survivors almost a decade postloss.
In total, 165 bereaved survivors ( = 27.75, = 4.27; 45.5% females) of the 2011 terror attack on Utøya island, Norway, participated in face-to-face, semistructured interviews. At 4-5 months after the attack, early posttraumatic reactions were measured using the Brief Grief Questionnaire, University of California at Los Angeles PTSD Reaction Index, the Hopkins Symptom Checklist-8, and the eight-item Children's Somatic Symptoms Inventory. At 8.5 years postloss, the Traumatic Grief Inventory-Self Report Plus was used to assess prolonged grief disorder. To explore the association between participants' sociodemographic characteristics, early postloss clinical characteristics, and later prolonged grief reactions, we used multiple linear regression analyses.
We found that 4.8% of the participants fulfilled the fifth edition, text revision diagnostic criteria for prolonged grief disorder 8.5 years after their traumatic loss. Lower age and high levels of early somatic complaints predicted higher prolonged grief reactions almost a decade postloss.
Young, bereaved survivors may be at particularly high risk of experiencing persistent grief reactions following the traumatic loss of a peer. Pending replication of our findings, professionals should focus on identifying bereaved who experience intense somatic symptoms early after a traumatic loss. Targeting these symptoms may alleviate the exacerbation of persistent grief reactions several years after a traumatic loss. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).
更好地了解持续性悲伤障碍的发展情况，有助于专业人员识别需要干预的丧亲者，并提高服务效率。我们旨在调查一群在恐怖袭击中失去亲人的年轻幸存者在丧失亲人近十年后的持续性悲伤障碍患病率及危险因素。
共有165名2011年挪威于特岛恐怖袭击的丧亲幸存者（平均年龄 = 27.75岁，标准差 = 4.27岁；45.5%为女性）参与了面对面的半结构化访谈。在袭击发生后的4 - 5个月，使用简短悲伤问卷、加州大学洛杉矶分校创伤后应激障碍反应指数、霍普金斯症状清单 - 8以及八项儿童躯体症状量表来测量早期创伤后反应。在丧失亲人8.5年后，使用创伤性悲伤量表 - 自我报告升级版来评估持续性悲伤障碍。为了探究参与者的社会人口学特征、丧失亲人后的早期临床特征与后期持续性悲伤反应之间的关联，我们采用了多元线性回归分析。
我们发现，在经历创伤性丧失亲人8.5年后，4.8%的参与者符合《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第五版，修订版中持续性悲伤障碍的诊断标准。年龄较小以及早期躯体不适程度较高预示着在丧失亲人近十年后会有更高的持续性悲伤反应。
年轻的丧亲幸存者在经历同龄人创伤性丧失后，可能特别容易出现持续性悲伤反应。在我们的研究结果得到重复验证之前，专业人员应专注于识别那些在创伤性丧失后早期出现强烈躯体症状的丧亲者。针对这些症状可能会减轻创伤性丧失几年后持续性悲伤反应的加剧。（PsycInfo数据库记录（c）2025美国心理学会，保留所有权利）
