Ayhan Cemile Hurrem, Tanhan Fuat, Yağan Ferdi, Avcı Erdal Nursel, Öztürk Gamze, Bedir Galip, Aslangiri Sevgi
Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Faculty of Health Science, Van Yuzuncu Yil University.
Department of Psychological Counseling and Guidance, Van Yuzuncu Yil University.
Psychol Trauma. 2025 Sep;17(6):1263-1270. doi: 10.1037/tra0001948. Epub 2025 May 8.
The Roboski massacre, which took place on December 28, 2011, is remembered as a major tragedy resulting from a cross-border operation by the Turkish Air Force that led to the loss of 34 civilians, including 19 children. This event not only caused significant physical losses but also left a profound psychological, social, and political impact on those affected. An enhanced comprehension of prolonged grief disorder's development can assist professionals in identifying bereaved individuals requiring assistance and augment the efficacy of treatments. The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between the grief process and symptoms of posttraumatic stress, perceived discrimination, and political trust within the framework of the theory of prolonged grief in a sample of the bereaved family members who lost their relatives in the Roboski massacre almost 12 years postloss.
In total, 88 Kurdish individuals ( = 37.13, = 16.4; 53.4% males) who had lost their close relatives in the Roboski incident in 2011 participated in this study. The Prolonged Grief Scale, the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for , Fifth Edition, the Perceived Discrimination Scale, and the Political Trust Scale were used to collect data.
The findings of the study revealed that, even approximately 12 years after the Roboski massacre, a significant portion of the participants continue to experience symptoms of prolonged grief and posttraumatic stress reactions. There was a positive correlation between prolonged grief symptoms and posttraumatic stress reactions ( = .71) as well as perceived discrimination ( = .53). It was also found that the subdimensions of posttraumatic stress, namely "reexperiencing" (β = .19, < .05), "negative cognitive alterations" (β = .39, < .05), and "perceived collective discrimination" (β = .11, < .05), were significant predictors of prolonged grief.
Our findings revealed that professionals should focus on identifying bereaved people who experience prolonged grief after a traumatic loss. Targeting these symptoms may alleviate the exacerbation of persistent grief reactions several years after a traumatic loss. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).
2011年12月28日发生的罗布斯基大屠杀被视为土耳其空军跨境行动导致的重大悲剧，造成34名平民死亡，其中包括19名儿童。这一事件不仅造成了重大的物质损失，也给受害者带来了深刻的心理、社会和政治影响。深入了解持续性悲伤障碍的发展情况有助于专业人员识别需要帮助的丧亲者，并提高治疗效果。本研究的目的是在持续性悲伤理论框架下，考察罗布斯基大屠杀近12年后丧亲家庭成员样本中悲伤过程与创伤后应激症状、感知到的歧视和政治信任之间的关系。
共有88名在2011年罗布斯基事件中失去近亲的库尔德人（年龄均值 = 37.13，标准差 = 16.4；53.4%为男性）参与了本研究。使用持续性悲伤量表、创伤后应激障碍检查表第五版、感知歧视量表和政治信任量表收集数据。
研究结果显示，即使在罗布斯基大屠杀约12年后，仍有很大一部分参与者持续经历持续性悲伤症状和创伤后应激反应。持续性悲伤症状与创伤后应激反应（相关系数 = .71）以及感知到的歧视（相关系数 = .53）之间存在正相关。还发现创伤后应激的子维度，即“再体验”（β = .19，p < .05）、“消极认知改变”（β = .39，p < .05）和“感知到的集体歧视”（β = .11，p < .05）是持续性悲伤的显著预测因素。
我们的研究结果表明，专业人员应专注于识别在创伤性丧失后经历持续性悲伤的丧亲者。针对这些症状可能会缓解创伤性丧失数年后持续性悲伤反应的加剧。（PsycInfo数据库记录（c）2025美国心理学会，保留所有权利）
