Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China.
Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Peking University, Beijing, China.
Nat Food. 2024 Jul;5(7):615-624. doi: 10.1038/s43016-024-01004-y. Epub 2024 Jun 21.
Freshwater aquaculture is an increasingly important source of blue foods but produces substantial methane and nitrous oxide emissions. Marine aquaculture, also known as mariculture, is a smaller sector with a large growth potential, but its climate impacts are challenging to accurately quantify. Here we assess the greenhouse gas emissions from mariculture's aquatic environment in global potentially suitable areas at 10 km resolution on the basis of marine biogeochemical cycles, greenhouse gas measurements from research cruises and satellite-observed net primary productivity. Mariculture's aquatic emissions intensities are estimated to be 1-6 g CH kg carcass weight and 0.05-0.2 g NO kg carcass weight, >98% and >80% lower than freshwater systems. Using a life-cycle assessment approach, we show that mariculture's carbon footprints are ~40% lower than those of freshwater aquaculture based on feed, energy use and the aquatic environment emissions. Adoption of mariculture alongside freshwater aquaculture production could offer considerable climate benefits to meet future dietary protein and nutritional needs.
淡水养殖是蓝食品日益重要的来源，但会产生大量的甲烷和氧化亚氮排放。海洋养殖又称海水养殖，是一个具有巨大增长潜力的较小部门，但它的气候影响难以准确量化。在这里，我们根据海洋生物地球化学循环、研究船的温室气体测量值和卫星观测到的净初级生产力，在全球潜在适宜区域以 10km 的分辨率评估了海洋养殖水生环境的温室气体排放。海洋养殖水生排放强度估计为 1-6gCH/kg 养殖生物体重和 0.05-0.2gNO/kg 养殖生物体重，比淡水系统低>98%和>80%。使用生命周期评估方法，我们表明，基于饲料、能源使用和水生环境排放，海洋养殖的碳足迹比淡水养殖低约 40%。在满足未来饮食蛋白质和营养需求方面，采用海洋养殖与淡水养殖相结合的方式可能会带来相当大的气候效益。
