Division of Athletic Training, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown.
Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan.
J Athl Train. 2024 Jun 1;59(6):570-583. doi: 10.4085/1062-6050-0521.23.
An emergency action plan (EAP) is a written document detailing the preparations and on-site emergency response of health care professionals and other stakeholders to medical emergencies in the prehospital setting. The EAP is developed to address any type of catastrophic injury response and should not be condition specific. The objective of this National Athletic Trainers' Association position statement is to provide evidence-based and consensus-based recommendations for developing and implementing an EAP for sports settings.
These recommendations were developed by a multidisciplinary expert panel that performed (1) a comprehensive review of existing EAP evidence, (2) a modified Delphi process to define consensus recommendations, and (3) a strength of recommendation taxonomy determination for each recommendation.
An EAP is an essential tool designed to facilitate emergency preparedness and an efficient, coordinated emergency response during an athletic event. A comprehensive EAP should consider modes to optimize patient outcomes, the various stakeholders needed to develop the plan, the factors influencing effective implementation of the EAP, and the roles and responsibilities to ensure a structured response to a catastrophic injury.
These evidence-informed recommendations outline the necessary steps for emergency planning and provide considerations for the immediate management of patients with catastrophic injuries. Increasing knowledge and implementation of the EAP to manage patients with catastrophic injuries improves the overall response and decreases errors during an emergency.
应急行动计划（EAP）是一份详细说明医疗保健专业人员和其他利益相关者在院前环境中应对医疗紧急情况的准备工作和现场应急响应的书面文件。EAP 的制定是为了应对任何类型的灾难性伤害反应，不应针对特定情况。本国家运动训练员协会立场声明的目的是为运动环境制定和实施 EAP 提供基于证据和共识的建议。
这些建议是由一个多学科专家小组制定的，该小组进行了（1）对现有 EAP 证据的全面审查，（2）通过修改后的德尔菲法确定共识建议，以及（3）为每个建议确定推荐强度分类法。
EAP 是一种必不可少的工具，旨在促进体育赛事期间的应急准备和高效、协调的应急响应。全面的 EAP 应考虑优化患者结果的模式、制定计划所需的各种利益相关者、影响 EAP 有效实施的因素，以及确保对灾难性伤害做出结构化反应的角色和责任。
这些基于证据的建议概述了应急规划的必要步骤，并为灾难性伤害患者的即时管理提供了考虑因素。增加对 EAP 的了解和实施，以管理患有灾难性伤害的患者，可以改善整体反应并减少紧急情况下的错误。
