Mensah Abigail A, Lewis Ivey Melanie L, Moodispaw Margaret R, Ilic Sanja
Human Nutrition, Department of Human Sciences, College of Education and Human Ecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
Department of Plant Pathology, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA.
Foods. 2024 Jun 19;13(12):1929. doi: 10.3390/foods13121929.
Hydroponic farming systems play an increasingly important role in the sustainable production of nutrient-rich foods. The contamination of surfaces in hydroponic fresh produce production poses risks to the food safety of crops, potentially endangering public health and causing economic losses in the industry. While sanitizers are widely used in commercial hydroponic farms, their effectiveness against human pathogens on surfaces and their impact on plant health and quality are not known. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of chemical sanitizers in eliminating Typhimurium from inanimate surfaces in commercial hydroponic Nutrient Film Technique (NFT) systems. Further, we assessed the impact of sanitizers on the yield, quality, and nutritional value of lettuce and basil. Sanitizers (Virkon, LanXess, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; SaniDate 12.0, BioSafe Systems, East Hartford, CT, USA; KleenGrow, Pace Chemical Ltd., Delta, BC, Canada; Green Shield, United Labs Inc., St Charles, IL, USA; Zerotol, BioSafe Systems, East Hartford, CT, USA; Bleach, Pure Bright, ON, Canada) were tested against Typhimurium inoculated on NFT surfaces (nutrient reservoir, growing channels, top covers, drain lines). The effective treatments were then tested for their impact on lettuce and basil in a split-plot experiment conducted in commercial NFT units. Crop yield, color, and nutrient content (chlorophyll and carotenoids) were measured throughout the crop life cycle. While all quaternary ammonium compounds (QAC), SaniDate 12.0 (200 ppm), Zorotol (5%), and Virkon (1%) eliminated Typhimurium from commercial NFT surfaces, chlorine-based sanitizer treatments were statistically similar to water treatments on most surfaces. All chemical sanitizers impacted the yield, color, and nutritional value of lettuce and basil. SaniDate 12.0 (200 ppm) was the least detrimental to crops and was identified as a potential candidate for further validation in commercial hydroponic settings. The findings of this study will be translated into recommendations for the industry and will contribute to the development of future food safety guidelines and policies.
水培种植系统在营养丰富的食品可持续生产中发挥着越来越重要的作用。水培新鲜农产品生产中表面的污染对作物的食品安全构成风险，可能危及公众健康并给该行业造成经济损失。虽然消毒剂在商业水培农场中广泛使用，但其对表面人类病原体的有效性以及对植物健康和品质的影响尚不清楚。在本研究中，我们评估了化学消毒剂在商业水培营养膜技术（NFT）系统中消除无生命表面鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的效果。此外，我们评估了消毒剂对生菜和罗勒产量、品质及营养价值的影响。对消毒剂（美国宾夕法尼亚州匹兹堡朗盛公司的卫康（Virkon）；美国康涅狄格州东哈特福德生物安全系统公司的SaniDate 12.0；加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省三角洲佩斯化学有限公司的KleenGrow；美国伊利诺伊州圣查尔斯联合实验室公司的绿盾（Green Shield）；美国康涅狄格州东哈特福德生物安全系统公司的Zerotol；加拿大安大略省纯亮公司的漂白剂）进行了测试，以检测其对接种在NFT表面（营养液储存器、种植槽、顶盖、排水管道）的鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的效果。然后，在商业NFT装置中进行的裂区试验中，对有效处理方法测试其对生菜和罗勒的影响。在整个作物生命周期中测量作物产量、颜色和营养成分（叶绿素和类胡萝卜素）。虽然所有季铵化合物（QAC）、200 ppm的SaniDate 12.0、5%的Zorotol和1%的卫康都能消除商业NFT表面的鼠伤寒沙门氏菌，但在大多数表面上，氯基消毒剂处理与水处理在统计学上相似。所有化学消毒剂都影响了生菜和罗勒的产量、颜色和营养价值。200 ppm的SaniDate 12.0对作物的损害最小，被确定为在商业水培环境中进一步验证的潜在候选物。本研究结果将转化为针对该行业的建议，并将有助于制定未来的食品安全指南和政策。
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