Ivey Melanie L Lewis, Mensah Abigail Aba, Diekmann Florian, Ilic Sanja
Department of Plant Pathology, College of Food, Agricultural, and Environmental Sciences-Wooster, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA.
Human Nutrition, Department of Human Sciences, College of Education and Human Ecology-Columbus, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
Foods. 2025 Jun 29;14(13):2308. doi: 10.3390/foods14132308.
The production of hydroponic fresh produce presents unique food safety and intervention challenges. A systematic approach was used to map and characterize the evidence on hydroponic food safety. Quantitative data describing the effectiveness of intervention studies were extracted, synthesized, and assessed for quality. A search of electronic databases yielded 131 relevant papers related to hydroponic food safety. Thirty-two studies focusing on food safety interventions reported 53 different interventions using chemical (n = 39), physical (n = 10), multiple-hurdle (n = 2), and biological (n = 2) approaches. Human pathogen indicators and surrogates were most often studied (n = 19), while pathogenic strains like spp. (n = 9), Shiga toxin-producing (STEC) (n = 5), (n = 2), and viruses (Hepatitis A virus (HAV), n = 1; norovirus (NoV), n = 1) were studied less frequently. Of fourteen articles (43.8%) investigating pre-harvest interventions, most (42.9%) did not specify the hydroponic system type. Gaps remain in the available evidence regarding the efficacy of interventions for controlling human pathogens in near-commercial hydroponic systems. The quality assessment revealed a significant lack of detailed reporting on methods and outcomes, making it difficult to translate the findings into practical recommendations for the industry; therefore, this review provides recommendations for the scientific community to improve future research design and reporting in this field.
水培新鲜农产品的生产带来了独特的食品安全和干预挑战。采用系统方法来梳理和描述有关水培食品安全的证据。提取、综合并评估了描述干预研究有效性的定量数据的质量。对电子数据库的检索产生了131篇与水培食品安全相关的论文。32项关注食品安全干预措施的研究报告了53种不同的干预措施，采用化学方法（n = 39）、物理方法（n = 10）、多重障碍方法（n = 2）和生物方法（n = 2）。人类病原体指标和替代物是研究最多的（n = 19），而诸如某些菌株（n = 9）、产志贺毒素大肠杆菌（STEC，n = 5）、某些菌（n = 2）以及病毒（甲型肝炎病毒（HAV），n = 1；诺如病毒（NoV），n = 1）等致病菌株的研究频率较低。在14篇（43.8%）研究收获前干预措施的文章中，大多数（42.9%）未明确水培系统类型。关于近商业水培系统中控制人类病原体的干预措施的有效性，现有证据仍存在差距。质量评估显示，在方法和结果的详细报告方面严重不足，难以将研究结果转化为该行业的实际建议；因此，本综述为科学界提供了建议，以改进该领域未来的研究设计和报告。
