应用流场病毒仪研究 HIV 包膜糖蛋白和不同的 HIV 模型系统。

Applying Flow Virometry to Study the HIV Envelope Glycoprotein and Differences Across HIV Model Systems.

机构信息

Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada.

Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada.

出版信息

Viruses. 2024 Jun 9;16(6):935. doi: 10.3390/v16060935.

Abstract

The HIV envelope glycoprotein (Env) is a trimeric protein that facilitates viral binding and fusion with target cells. As the sole viral protein on the HIV surface, Env is important both for immune responses to HIV and in vaccine designs. Targeting Env in clinical applications is challenging due to its heavy glycosylation, high genetic variability, conformational camouflage, and its low abundance on virions. Thus, there is a critical need to better understand this protein. Flow virometry (FV) is a useful methodology for phenotyping the virion surface in a high-throughput, single virion manner. To demonstrate the utility of FV to characterize Env, we stained HIV virions with a panel of 85 monoclonal antibodies targeting different regions of Env. A broad range of antibodies yielded robust staining of Env, with V3 antibodies showing the highest quantitative staining. A subset of antibodies tested in parallel on viruses produced in CD4 T cell lines, HEK293T cells, and primary cells showed that the cellular model of virus production can impact Env detection. Finally, in addition to being able to highlight Env heterogeneity on virions, we show FV can sensitively detect differences in Env conformation when soluble CD4 is added to virions before staining.

摘要

HIV 包膜糖蛋白(Env)是一种三聚体蛋白,可促进病毒与靶细胞的结合和融合。作为 HIV 表面上唯一的病毒蛋白,Env 对于 HIV 的免疫反应和疫苗设计都很重要。由于其高度糖基化、高度遗传变异性、构象伪装和在病毒粒子上的低丰度,因此在临床应用中靶向 Env 具有挑战性。因此,迫切需要更好地了解这种蛋白质。流式病毒仪(FV)是一种高通量、单病毒颗粒的方法,用于对病毒粒子表面进行表型分析。为了证明 FV 对 Env 进行表征的实用性,我们用一组针对 Env 不同区域的 85 种单克隆抗体对 HIV 病毒粒子进行染色。大量的抗体产生了 Env 的强染色,其中 V3 抗体的定量染色最高。在 CD4 T 细胞系、HEK293T 细胞和原代细胞中平行测试的一组抗体表明,病毒产生的细胞模型会影响 Env 的检测。最后,除了能够突出病毒粒子上 Env 的异质性外,我们还表明,当在染色前将可溶性 CD4 添加到病毒粒子中时,FV 能够灵敏地检测到 Env 构象的差异。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/34bc/11209363/2c0a7257fa63/viruses-16-00935-g001.jpg

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