Zhang Yunlin, Deng Jianming, Qin Boqiang, Zhu Guangwei, Zhang Yinjun, Jeppesen Erik, Tong Yindong
State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
China National Environmental Monitoring Centre, 8(B) Dayangfang Beiyuan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100012, China.
Fundam Res. 2022 Mar 12;3(2):265-273. doi: 10.1016/j.fmre.2022.01.035. eCollection 2023 Mar.
Drinking water is closely related to human health, disease and mortality, and contaminated drinking water causes 485,000 deaths from diarrhea each year worldwide. China has been facing increasingly severe water scarcity due to both water shortages and poor water quality. Ensuring safe and clean drinking water is a great challenge and top priority, especially for China with 1.4 billion people. In China, more than 4000 centralized drinking water sources including rivers, lakes and reservoirs, and groundwater have been established to serve urban residents. However, there is little knowledge on the percentage, serving population and water quality of three centralized drinking water source types. We collected nationwide centralized drinking water sources data and serving population data covering 395 prefecture-level and county-level cities and water quality data in the two most populous provinces (Guangdong and Shandong) to examine their contribution and importance. Geographically, the drinking water source types can be classified into three clear regions exhibiting apparent differences in the respective contributions of rivers, lakes and reservoirs, and groundwater. We further found that overall, lakes and reservoirs account for 40.6% of the centralized drinking water sources river (30.8%) and groundwater (28.6%) in China. Lakes and reservoirs are particularly important in the densely populated eastern region, where they are used as drinking water sources by 51.0% of the population (318 million). Moreover, the contribution to the drinking water supply from lakes and reservoirs is increasing due to their better water quality and many cross-regional water transfer projects. These results will be useful for the government to improve and optimize the establishment of centralized drinking water sources, which provide safe and clean drinking water in China to safeguard people's lives and health and realize sustainable development goals.
饮用水与人类健康、疾病和死亡率密切相关，全球每年有48.5万人因饮用受污染的水而死于腹泻。由于水资源短缺和水质不佳，中国面临的水资源短缺问题日益严峻。确保安全清洁的饮用水是一项巨大挑战，也是重中之重，尤其对于拥有14亿人口的中国而言。在中国，已建立了4000多个包括河流、湖泊、水库和地下水在内的集中式饮用水水源地，为城市居民供水。然而，对于这三种集中式饮用水水源地类型的占比、服务人口和水质情况却知之甚少。我们收集了全国395个地级市和县级市的集中式饮用水水源地数据、服务人口数据以及人口最多的两个省份（广东和山东）的水质数据，以考察它们的贡献和重要性。从地理角度来看，饮用水水源地类型可分为三个明显区域，河流、湖泊、水库和地下水的各自贡献存在明显差异。我们进一步发现，总体而言，湖泊和水库占中国集中式饮用水水源地的40.6%，河流占30.8%，地下水占28.6%。湖泊和水库在人口密集的东部地区尤为重要，该地区51.0%（3.18亿）的人口将其作为饮用水水源。此外，由于湖泊和水库水质较好以及众多跨区域调水工程，它们对饮用水供应的贡献正在增加。这些结果将有助于政府改进和优化集中式饮用水水源地的设置，在中国提供安全清洁的饮用水，保障人民生命健康，实现可持续发展目标。
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