State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering, Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
Bureau of Economic Geology, Jackson School of Geosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78758, USA.
Nat Commun. 2020 Jul 21;11(1):3665. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-17428-6.
Groundwater (GW) overexploitation is a critical issue in North China with large GW level declines resulting in urban water scarcity, unsustainable agricultural production, and adverse ecological impacts. One approach to addressing GW depletion was to transport water from the humid south. However, impacts of water diversion on GW remained largely unknown. Here, we show impacts of the central South-to-North Water Diversion on GW storage recovery in Beijing within the context of climate variability and other policies. Water diverted to Beijing reduces cumulative GW depletion by 3.6 km, accounting for 40% of total GW storage recovery during 2006-2018. Increased precipitation contributes similar volumes to GW storage recovery of ~2.7 km (30%) along with policies on reduced irrigation (2.8 km, 30%). This recovery is projected to continue in the coming decade. Engineering approaches, such as water diversions, will increasingly be required to move towards sustainable water management.
地下水超采是华北地区的一个关键问题，大规模的地下水水位下降导致城市水资源短缺、农业生产不可持续以及生态环境恶化。解决地下水枯竭的一种方法是从湿润的南方调水。然而，调水对地下水的影响在很大程度上仍不清楚。在这里，我们展示了在气候变异性和其他政策的背景下，南水北调中线工程对北京地下水储量恢复的影响。调水到北京减少了累计地下水枯竭约 3.6 公里，占 2006-2018 年地下水总储量恢复的 40%。降水增加也为地下水储量恢复贡献了约 2.7 公里（30%）的水量，同时还有减少灌溉的政策（2.8 公里，30%）。预计这种恢复将在未来十年继续。工程方法，如调水，将越来越需要用于可持续水资源管理。
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