Ji Yan-Li, Yin Ming-Jie, An Quan-Fu, Gao Cong-Jie
Center for Membrane and Water Science & Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, Department of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
Fundam Res. 2021 Dec 14;2(2):254-267. doi: 10.1016/j.fmre.2021.11.029. eCollection 2022 Mar.
Polymeric nanomaterials, which have tuneable chemical structures, versatile functionalities, and good compatibility with polymeric matrices, have attracted increasing interest from researchers for the construction of polymeric nano-based separation membranes. With their distinctive nanofeatures, polymeric nano-based membranes show great promise in overcoming bottlenecks in polymer membranes, namely, the trade-off between permeability and selectivity, low stability, and fouling issues. Accordingly, recent studies have focused on tuning the structures and tailoring the surface properties of polymeric nano-based membranes via exploitation of membrane fabrication techniques and surface modification strategies, with the objective of pushing the performance of polymeric nano-based membranes to a new level. In this review, first, the approaches for fabricating polymeric nano-based mixed matrix membranes and homogeneous membranes are summarized, such as surface coating, phase inversion, interfacial polymerization, and self-assembly methods. Next, the manipulation strategies of membrane surface properties, namely, the hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity, charge characteristics, and surface roughness, and interior microstructural properties, namely, the pore size and content, channel construction and regulation, are comprehensively discussed. Subsequently, the separation performances of liquid ions/molecules and gas molecules through polymeric nano-based membranes are systematically reported. Finally, we conclude this review with an overview of various unsolved scientific and technical challenges that are associated with new opportunities in the development of advanced polymeric nano-based membranes.
聚合物纳米材料具有可调节的化学结构、多样的功能以及与聚合物基体良好的相容性，在构建基于聚合物纳米的分离膜方面引起了研究人员越来越浓厚的兴趣。基于聚合物纳米的膜凭借其独特的纳米特性，在克服聚合物膜的瓶颈问题方面展现出巨大潜力，这些瓶颈问题包括渗透率与选择性之间的权衡、稳定性低以及污垢问题。因此，近期的研究集中在通过利用膜制备技术和表面改性策略来调控基于聚合物纳米的膜的结构并定制其表面性质，目的是将基于聚合物纳米的膜的性能提升到一个新水平。在这篇综述中，首先总结了制备基于聚合物纳米的混合基质膜和均质膜的方法，如表面涂层法、相转化法、界面聚合法和自组装法。接下来，全面讨论了膜表面性质的调控策略，即亲水性/疏水性、电荷特性和表面粗糙度，以及内部微观结构性质，即孔径和含量、通道构建与调控。随后，系统报道了基于聚合物纳米的膜对液体离子/分子和气体分子的分离性能。最后，我们在综述结尾概述了与先进的基于聚合物纳米的膜开发中的新机遇相关的各种未解决的科学和技术挑战。
