Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture/College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066000, Hebei Province, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2024 Oct 10;946:174187. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174187. Epub 2024 Jun 25.
Nutrient requirement for crop growth, defined as the amount of nutrient that crops take up from soil to produce a specific grain yield, is a key parameter in determining fertilizer application rate. However, existing studies primarily focus on identifying nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) requirements solely in relation to grain yield, neglecting grain protein content, a crucial index for wheat grain quality. Addressing this gap, we conducted multi-site, multi-cultivar, and multi-year field trials across three ecological regions of China from 2016 to 2020 to elucidate variations in nutrient requirements for grain yield and grain protein. The research findings revealed that wheat grain yield ranged from 4.1 to 9.3 Mg ha (average 6.9 Mg ha) and grain protein content ranged from 98 to 157 g kg (average 127 g kg) across the three regions. Notably, the N requirement exhibited a nonlinear correlation with the wheat grain yield but a linear increase with increasing grain protein, while the P and K requirements positively correlated with grain yield and protein content. Regression models were formulated to determine the nutrient requirements (M), enabling the prediction of N, P, and K requirements for leading cultivars with varying grain yields and protein contents. Implementing nutrient requirements based on M projections resulted in substantial reductions in fertilizer rates: 22.0 kg ha N (10.7 %), 9.9 kg ha P (20.2 %), and 8.1 kg ha K (16.3 %). This translated to potential savings of 0.4 Mt. N, 0.23 Mt. P, and 0.17 Mt. K, consequently mitigating 5.5 Mt. CO greenhouse-gas emission and yielding an economic benefit of 0.8 billion US$ annually in China. These findings underscore the significance of considering grain yield and protein content in estimating nutrient requirements for fertilizer recommendations to realize high-yielding, high-protein wheat production, and minimize overfertilization and associated environmental risks.
作物生长的养分需求是指作物从土壤中吸收的养分数量，以生产特定的谷物产量，这是确定施肥率的关键参数。然而，现有研究主要集中在确定氮（N）、磷（P）和钾（K）的需求上，仅与谷物产量有关，而忽略了谷物蛋白质含量，这是小麦谷物质量的一个关键指标。为了弥补这一空白，我们在 2016 年至 2020 年期间，在中国的三个生态区进行了多地点、多品种和多年的田间试验，以阐明谷物产量和谷物蛋白质的养分需求变化。研究结果表明，三个地区的小麦谷物产量范围为 4.1 至 9.3 Mg ha（平均 6.9 Mg ha），谷物蛋白质含量范围为 98 至 157 g kg（平均 127 g kg）。值得注意的是，N 的需求与小麦谷物产量呈非线性相关，但与谷物蛋白质呈线性增加，而 P 和 K 的需求与产量和蛋白质含量呈正相关。建立了回归模型来确定养分需求（M），能够预测具有不同产量和蛋白质含量的主导品种的 N、P 和 K 需求。根据 M 预测实施养分需求导致肥料用量大幅减少：N 减少 22.0 kg ha（10.7%），P 减少 9.9 kg ha（20.2%），K 减少 8.1 kg ha（16.3%）。这相当于中国每年减少 0.4 Mt N、0.23 Mt P 和 0.17 Mt K 的潜在损失，从而减少 5.5 Mt CO 温室气体排放，并带来每年 0.8 亿美元的经济效益。这些发现强调了在估计肥料推荐的养分需求时，考虑谷物产量和蛋白质含量的重要性，以实现高产、高蛋白的小麦生产，并最大限度地减少过度施肥和相关的环境风险。
