Takeuchi Tadashi, Nakanishi Yumiko, Ohno Hiroshi
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California; email:
Laboratory for Intestinal Ecosystem, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan; email:
Annu Rev Immunol. 2024 Jun;42(1):153-178. doi: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-090222-102035.
The intestine is the largest peripheral lymphoid organ in animals, including humans, and interacts with a vast array of microorganisms called the gut microbiota. Comprehending the symbiotic relationship between the gut microbiota and our immune system is essential not only for the field of immunology but also for understanding the pathogenesis of various systemic diseases, including cancer, cardiometabolic disorders, and extraintestinal autoimmune conditions. Whereas microbe-derived antigens are crucial for activating the intestinal immune system, particularly T and B cells, as environmental cues, microbes and their metabolites play a critical role in directing the differentiation of these immune cells. Microbial metabolites are regarded as messengers from the gut microbiota, since bacteria have the ability to produce unique molecules that humans cannot, and many immune cells in the intestine express receptors for these molecules. This review highlights the distinct relationships between microbial metabolites and the differentiation and function of the immune system.
肠道是包括人类在内的动物体内最大的外周淋巴器官，它与大量被称为肠道微生物群的微生物相互作用。理解肠道微生物群与我们免疫系统之间的共生关系不仅对免疫学领域至关重要，而且对于理解包括癌症、心血管代谢紊乱和肠外自身免疫性疾病在内的各种全身性疾病的发病机制也至关重要。微生物衍生的抗原作为环境信号对于激活肠道免疫系统，特别是T细胞和B细胞至关重要，微生物及其代谢产物在指导这些免疫细胞的分化中起着关键作用。微生物代谢产物被视为来自肠道微生物群的信使，因为细菌能够产生人类无法产生的独特分子，并且肠道中的许多免疫细胞表达这些分子的受体。本综述重点介绍了微生物代谢产物与免疫系统分化和功能之间的独特关系。
