一项基于学校的食物和营养教育干预措施增加了加纳北部小学生营养相关知识和水果摄入量。

A school-based food and nutrition education intervention increases nutrition-related knowledge and fruit consumption among primary school children in northern Ghana.

机构信息

University for Development Studies, School of Medicine, Department of Health Professions Education and Innovative Learning, Tamale, Ghana.

University of Ghana Medical School, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana.

出版信息

BMC Public Health. 2024 Jun 29;24(1):1739. doi: 10.1186/s12889-024-19200-7.

DOI:10.1186/s12889-024-19200-7

PMID:38951824

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11218303/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Providing children with the opportunity to learn about nutrition is critical in helping them establish a healthy lifestyle and eating behaviours that would remain with them till adulthood. We determined the effect of a school-based food and nutrition education (SFNE) intervention on the nutrition-related knowledge, attitudes, dietary habits, physical activity levels and the anthropometric indices (BMI-for-age z scores, %Body fat and waist circumference) of school-age children in northern Ghana.

METHODS

Following a controlled before-and-after study design, we recruited school-age children in primary 4 and 5 from public and private schools and assigned them non-randomly to intervention and control groups (4 schools total). A SFNE intervention called 'Eat Healthy, Grow Healthy (EHGH)' was implemented in intervention schools. Components of the intervention included children, teachers, school officials, and the school environment. Nutrition education didactic sessions, active discussions, nutrition games, charades, art work, and physical activity sessions were among the teaching and learning activities implemented. At 0 and 6 months, primary (anthropometry) and secondary (fruit, vegetable, and breakfast consumption) outcomes were obtained.

RESULTS

Mean BMI-for-age z-scores did not differ significantly between intervention and control groups (F = 0.45, P = 0.503, η = 0.01). However, significantly greater nutrition-related knowledge scores were recorded in the intervention group than in the control group at post-intervention (M = 6.07 SD = 2.17 vs. M = 5.22 SD = 1.92; p = 0.002). Mean number of days intervention children consumed fruits differed across time (F = 33.04, p = 0.002, η = 0.04) but not between the control and intervention groups (F = 0.28, p = 0.60, η = 0.00).

CONCLUSIONS

The EHGH intervention had positive effects on the nutrition-related knowledge and the consumption of fruits among children although it did not impact their anthropometric indices.

摘要

背景

为儿童提供学习营养知识的机会对于帮助他们养成健康的生活方式和饮食习惯至关重要，这些习惯将伴随他们成年。我们旨在确定基于学校的食品和营养教育（SFNE）干预对加纳北部学龄儿童营养相关知识、态度、饮食习惯、身体活动水平以及身体成分指标（BMI 年龄 z 评分、%体脂肪和腰围）的影响。

方法

采用对照前后研究设计，我们招募了来自公立和私立学校的 4 年级和 5 年级的学龄儿童，并将他们非随机分配到干预组和对照组（共 4 所学校）。在干预学校实施了名为“吃得健康，长得健康（EHGH）”的 SFNE 干预。干预的组成部分包括儿童、教师、学校官员和学校环境。营养教育讲座、积极讨论、营养游戏、猜谜、艺术作品和体育活动都是实施的教学活动。在 0 个月和 6 个月时，分别获得了主要（人体测量）和次要（水果、蔬菜和早餐消费）结果。

结果

干预组和对照组之间的平均 BMI 年龄 z 评分无显著差异（F = 0.45，P = 0.503，η = 0.01）。然而，干预后干预组的营养相关知识得分显著高于对照组（M = 6.07，SD = 2.17 vs. M = 5.22，SD = 1.92；p = 0.002）。干预组儿童食用水果的天数差异随时间变化（F = 33.04，p = 0.002，η = 0.04），但在对照组和干预组之间没有差异（F = 0.28，p = 0.60，η = 0.00）。