Rydzik Łukasz, Obmiński Zbigniew, Wąsacz Wojciech, Kopańska Marta, Kubacki Rafał, Bagińska Małgorzata, Tota Łukasz, Ambroży Tadeusz, Witkowski Kazimierz, Pałka Tomasz
Institute of Sports Sciences, University of Physical Education, 31-571 Kraków, Poland.
Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Sport-National Research Institute, 01-982 Warsaw, Poland.
Biol Sport. 2024 Jul;41(3):61-68. doi: 10.5114/biolsport.2024.133662. Epub 2023 Dec 21.
K1-format kickboxing is a widely followed combat sport that requires intense physical exercise. However, research into the body's response to this type of combat is sparse. This study aims to assess the alterations in hormone levels and brain activity in elite kickboxers following an actual K1 bout and compare these changes with those observed in a control group engaged in a simulated fight exercise with a punchbag. The study included 100 male professional kickboxers, randomly divided into two groups: an experimental group (K1 fight) and a control group (simulated fight with a punchbag). Blood samples were obtained before and after exercise to evaluate testosterone (T) and cortisol concentrations (C). Concurrently, brain activity was recorded using quantitative electroencephalography (QEEG). After the activity in the experimental group mean testosterone level slightly, non-significantly decreased from 13.7 nmol/l to 12.4 nmol/l, while mean cortisol significantly (p < 0.001) increased from 313 to 570 nmol/l. In the control group after the exertion against a punchbag mean cortisol significantly (p < 0.001) increased from 334 to 452 nmol/l and testosterone increased non-significantly, from 15.1 to 16.3 nmol/l. In both groups, the testosterone/cortisol ratio (T/C ratio) showed significantly lower levels after the intervention (p < 0.001 and p < 0.032) in the experimental and control group respectively. The comparison of groups after exercise revealed significantly higher cortisol levels (experimental group x = 570 nmol/l; control group x = 452 nmol/l) and a significantly lower T/C ratio (experimental group x = 2.7; control group x = 3.9), (p = 0.001) in the experimental group. Significantly higher brain activity was found in selected leads after a bout (experimental group). Furthermore, in the experimental group, significant associations of weak to moderate strength were found between hormone fluctuations and selected areas of brain activity (p < 0.05). K1-format kickboxing induces a stress response, evident in the sharp changes in cortisol and testosterone levels. A notable observation was the inverse direction of changes in both hormones. Brain activity analysis indicated the potential influence of raised cortisol concentrations on specific brain areas. This study augments our understanding of the physiological responses during K1 kickboxing bouts and may inform the future evolution of this sport.
K1 赛制的自由搏击是一项广受欢迎的格斗运动，需要高强度的体育锻炼。然而，关于身体对这种格斗形式反应的研究却很稀少。本研究旨在评估精英自由搏击运动员在一场实际的 K1 比赛后激素水平和大脑活动的变化，并将这些变化与在与沙袋进行模拟搏击练习的对照组中观察到的变化进行比较。该研究纳入了 100 名男性职业自由搏击运动员，随机分为两组：实验组（K1 比赛）和对照组（与沙袋进行模拟搏击）。在运动前后采集血样以评估睾酮（T）和皮质醇浓度（C）。同时，使用定量脑电图（QEEG）记录大脑活动。实验组活动后，平均睾酮水平略有下降，从 13.7 nmol/l 降至 12.4 nmol/l，但无统计学意义，而平均皮质醇显著升高（p < 0.001），从 313 升至 570 nmol/l。在对照组中，与沙袋搏击后，平均皮质醇显著升高（p < 0.001），从 334 升至 452 nmol/l，睾酮无显著升高，从 15.1 升至 16.3 nmol/l。在两组中，干预后睾酮/皮质醇比值（T/C 比值）在实验组和对照组中分别显著降低（p < 0.001 和 p < 0.032）。运动后两组比较显示，实验组皮质醇水平显著更高（实验组 x = 570 nmol/l；对照组 x = 452 nmol/l），T/C 比值显著更低（实验组 x = 2.7；对照组 x = 3.9），（p = 0.001）。比赛后在实验组选定导联中发现大脑活动显著增强。此外，在实验组中，激素波动与选定的大脑活动区域之间发现了强度为弱到中等的显著关联（p < 0.05）。K1 赛制的自由搏击会引发应激反应，这在皮质醇和睾酮水平的急剧变化中明显体现。一个值得注意的观察结果是两种激素变化方向相反。大脑活动分析表明皮质醇浓度升高对特定脑区有潜在影响。本研究增进了我们对 K1 自由搏击比赛期间生理反应的理解，并可能为这项运动的未来发展提供参考。
