Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, FL, USA.
Physiotherapy, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
PeerJ. 2024 Jun 28;12:e17622. doi: 10.7717/peerj.17622. eCollection 2024.
High velocity thrust manipulation is commonly used when managing joint dysfunctions. Often, these thrust maneuvers will elicit an audible pop. It has been unclear what conclusively causes this audible sound and its clinical meaningfulness. This study sought to identify the effect of the audible pop on brainwave activity directly following a prone T7 thrust manipulation in asymptomatic/healthy subjects.
This was a quasi-experimental repeated measure study design in which 57 subjects completed the study protocol. Brain wave activity was measured with the Emotiv EPOC+, which collects data with a frequency of 128 HZ and has 14 electrodes. Testing was performed in a controlled environment with minimal electrical interference (as measured with a Gauss meter), temperature variance, lighting variance, sound pollution, and other variable changes that could have influenced or interfered with pure EEG data acquisition. After accommodation each subject underwent a prone T7 posterior-anterior thrust manipulation. Immediately after the thrust manipulation the brainwave activity was measured for 10 seconds.
The non-audible group ( = 20) consisted of 55% males, and the audible group ( = 37) consisted of 43% males. The non-audible group EEG data revealed a significant change in brain wave activity under some of the electrodes in the frontal, parietal, and the occipital lobes. In the audible group, there was a significant change in brain wave activity under all electrodes in the frontal lobes, the parietal lobe, and the occipital lobes but not the temporal lobes.
The audible sounds caused by a thoracic high velocity thrust manipulation did not affect the activity in the audible centers in the temporal brain region. The results support the hypothesis that thrust manipulation with or without audible sound results in a generalized relaxation immediately following the manipulation. The absence of a significant difference in brainwave activity in the frontal lobe in this study might indicate that the audible pop does not produce a "placebo" mechanism.
在处理关节功能障碍时，通常会使用高速推力操作。通常，这些推力操作会发出可听见的爆裂声。一直不清楚是什么原因导致了这种可听见的声音及其临床意义。本研究旨在确定在无症状/健康受试者中进行 T7 俯推力操作后，可听见的爆裂声对脑电波活动的直接影响。
这是一项准实验性重复测量研究设计，其中 57 名受试者完成了研究方案。脑波活动使用 Emotiv EPOC+进行测量，该设备以 128 HZ 的频率采集数据，并有 14 个电极。测试在一个控制环境中进行，该环境的电干扰最小（如高斯计测量），温度变化、光照变化、噪音污染和其他可能影响或干扰纯 EEG 数据采集的变量变化。在适应后，每个受试者都接受了 T7 俯向前-后推力操作。推力操作后立即测量脑波活动 10 秒。
不可听见组（n=20）由 55%的男性组成，可听见组（n=37）由 43%的男性组成。不可听见组的 EEG 数据显示，在前额、顶叶和枕叶的一些电极下，脑波活动有显著变化。在可听见组中，所有额叶、顶叶和枕叶电极下的脑波活动都有显著变化，但颞叶电极下没有变化。
胸椎高速推力操作产生的可听见声音不会影响颞叶听觉中枢的活动。结果支持以下假设：有或没有可听见声音的推力操作会在操作后立即引起广泛的放松。本研究中额叶脑电波活动无显著差异可能表明可听见的爆裂声不会产生“安慰剂”机制。
