Ottesen E A
Rev Infect Dis. 1985 May-Jun;7(3):341-56. doi: 10.1093/clinids/7.3.341.
Diethylcarbamazine (DEC) is an effective microfilaricidal drug against Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi, and Brugia timori--the three lymphatic-dwelling filariae infecting humans. However, effectiveness in killing the adult stage of these parasites has been more difficult to establish. The present review of available evidence from the literature suggests that: (1) in addition to being a microfilaricidal agent, DEC in conventional dosages effectively kills adult worms of these three parasites in many patients; (2) relatively high total dosages of DEC (including dosages considerably in excess of those currently recommended) generally give better long-term therapeutic results than lower dosages; (3) spaced doses of DEC (weekly or monthly) are more effective than the same total dosage given in consecutive daily doses; (4) chronic administration of low-dose DEC, as in medicated salt, can effectively control filariasis caused by W. bancrofti or B. malayi; and (5) rational determination of the DEC regimen ideal for the killing of adult filarial parasites awaits the development of assays capable of sensitively detecting the presence of living adult parasites.
乙胺嗪（DEC）是一种有效的杀微丝蚴药物，可对抗班氏吴策线虫、马来布鲁线虫和帝汶布鲁线虫这三种寄生于人体淋巴系统的丝虫。然而，要确定其对这些寄生虫成虫阶段的杀灭效果则较为困难。本文对现有文献证据的综述表明：（1）除作为杀微丝蚴剂外，常规剂量的乙胺嗪能有效杀死许多患者体内这三种寄生虫的成虫；（2）相对较高的乙胺嗪总剂量（包括大大超过目前推荐剂量的剂量）通常比低剂量能带来更好的长期治疗效果；（3）间隔给药（每周或每月）的乙胺嗪比连续每日给予相同总剂量更有效；（4）如在药盐中那样长期给予低剂量乙胺嗪，可有效控制由班氏吴策线虫或马来布鲁线虫引起的丝虫病；（5）要合理确定杀灭丝虫成虫的理想乙胺嗪治疗方案，尚需开发能够灵敏检测活成虫存在的检测方法。
