Institute for Studies of Religion and Medical Humanities Program, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA.
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
J Relig Health. 2024 Aug;63(4):2544-2558. doi: 10.1007/s10943-024-02078-5. Epub 2024 Jul 5.
Numerous studies have identified religious correlates of health indicators, but relatively few have been conducted among Jewish populations in Israel or the diaspora. This study investigates the possibility of a religious gradient in physical and mental health and well-being across the familiar categories of Jewish religious identity and observance in Israel: hiloni (secular), masorti lo dati (traditional, non-religious), masorti (traditional), dati (religious or Orthodox), and charedi (ultra-Orthodox). Data are from Jewish respondents aged 18 and over (N = 2916) from the Israeli sample of the new, 22-nation Global Flourishing Study, which used stratified, probability-based sampling and assessed demographic, socioeconomic, political, religious, health-related, and other variables. This analysis investigated religious differences in nine indicators of physical and mental health and well-being among Israeli Jews. Using a strategy of one-way ANOVA and ANCOVA, adjusting for complex sampling design components, a statistically significant "dose-response"-like gradient was found for eight of the outcome measures, validated by additional multiple comparison tests. For four "positively" worded indicators (physical and mental health, happiness, and life satisfaction), scores increased consistently from the hiloni to the charedi categories. For four of five "negatively" worded indicators (bodily pain, depression, anxiety, and suffering), scores decreased across the same categories. Results withstood adjusting for effects of age, sex, education, marital status, urbanicity, income, and nativity (whether born in Israel). Among Israeli Jews, greater religiousness was associated with higher levels of health and well-being and lower levels of somatic and psychological distress.
许多研究已经确定了宗教与健康指标之间的相关性，但在以色列或散居地的犹太人群体中进行的此类研究相对较少。本研究调查了在以色列常见的犹太宗教身份和信仰类别中，身心健康和幸福感是否存在宗教梯度的可能性：希洛尼（世俗）、马索蒂·洛·达蒂（传统、非宗教）、马索蒂（传统）、达蒂（宗教或东正教）和哈雷迪（极端正统派）。数据来自以色列新的 22 个国家全球繁荣研究的以色列样本中的 18 岁及以上的犹太受访者（N=2916），该研究采用分层、基于概率的抽样方法，评估了人口统计学、社会经济、政治、宗教、与健康相关的和其他变量。本分析调查了以色列犹太人中 9 个身心健康和幸福感指标的宗教差异。使用单向方差分析和协方差分析策略，调整复杂的抽样设计成分，发现了 8 个结果测量指标存在统计学上显著的“剂量反应”样梯度，通过额外的多重比较检验进行了验证。对于四个“正面”表述的指标（身心健康、幸福感和生活满意度），得分从希洛尼到哈雷迪类别持续增加。对于五个“负面”表述的指标中的四个（身体疼痛、抑郁、焦虑和痛苦），分数在同一类别中下降。在调整年龄、性别、教育、婚姻状况、城市化程度、收入和出生地（是否出生在以色列）的影响后，结果仍然成立。在以色列犹太人中，宗教信仰程度越高，健康和幸福感水平越高，躯体和心理困扰程度越低。
