Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of Dentistry, 10833 Le Conte Avenue B3-087, Box951668, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1668, USA.
Division of Regenerative and Reconstructive Sciences, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, USA.
Int J Implant Dent. 2024 Jul 5;10(1):35. doi: 10.1186/s40729-024-00554-x.
Considering the biological activity of osteoblasts is crucial when devising new approaches to enhance the osseointegration of implant surfaces, as their behavior profoundly influences clinical outcomes. An established inverse correlation exists between osteoblast proliferation and their functional differentiation, which constrains the rapid generation of a significant amount of bone. Examining the surface morphology of implants reveals that roughened titanium surfaces facilitate rapid but thin bone formation, whereas smooth, machined surfaces promote greater volumes of bone formation albeit at a slower pace. Consequently, osteoblasts differentiate faster on roughened surfaces but at the expense of proliferation speed. Moreover, the attachment and initial spreading behavior of osteoblasts are notably compromised on microrough surfaces. This review delves into our current understanding and recent advances in nanonodular texturing, meso-scale texturing, and UV photofunctionalization as potential strategies to address the "biological dilemma" of osteoblast kinetics, aiming to improve the quality and quantity of osseointegration. We discuss how these topographical and physicochemical strategies effectively mitigate and even overcome the dichotomy of osteoblast behavior and the biological challenges posed by microrough surfaces. Indeed, surfaces modified with these strategies exhibit enhanced recruitment, attachment, spread, and proliferation of osteoblasts compared to smooth surfaces, while maintaining or amplifying the inherent advantage of cell differentiation. These technology platforms suggest promising avenues for the development of future implants.
考虑到成骨细胞的生物活性在设计增强种植体表面骨整合的新方法时至关重要，因为它们的行为会对临床结果产生深远影响。成骨细胞增殖与其功能分化之间存在着明确的负相关关系，这限制了大量骨的快速生成。研究种植体的表面形态可以发现，粗糙的钛表面促进了快速但较薄的骨形成，而光滑的机械加工表面虽然速度较慢，但可以促进更多的骨形成。因此，成骨细胞在粗糙表面上分化更快，但代价是增殖速度降低。此外，微粗糙表面显著影响了成骨细胞的附着和初始扩展行为。本文深入探讨了我们对纳米结节纹理化、中尺度纹理化和 UV 光功能化作为解决成骨细胞动力学“生物学困境”的潜在策略的理解和最新进展，旨在提高骨整合的质量和数量。我们讨论了这些形貌和物理化学策略如何有效地减轻甚至克服成骨细胞行为的二分法以及微粗糙表面带来的生物学挑战。事实上，与光滑表面相比，经过这些策略修饰的表面表现出增强的成骨细胞募集、附着、扩展和增殖，同时保持或放大细胞分化的固有优势。这些技术平台为未来植入物的发展提供了有前途的途径。
