Department of Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China.
Department of Cardiology, Chuiyangliu Hospital Affiliated to Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100021, China.
Environ Health. 2024 Jul 8;23(1):63. doi: 10.1186/s12940-024-01100-3.
The effects of air pollution on endothelial function remain unclear across populations. We aimed to use brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) to identify demographic differences in the effects of air pollution exposure on endothelial dysfunction.
We measured FMD in 850 participants from October 2016 to January 2020. Location-specific concentrations of fine particulate matter < 2.5 μm aerodynamic diameter (PM), inhalable particulate matter < 10 μm aerodynamic diameter (PM), sulfur dioxide (SO), nitrogen dioxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO), and ozone (O) measured by fixed ambient air monitoring stations were collected for short- and long-term exposure assessment. Multiple linear regression models and restricted cubic splines were used to assess the associations before and after stratification by age and sex.
This study eventually included 828 participants [551 (66.5%) younger than 65 years and 553 (66.8%) men]. Each 10 µg/m increase in 7-day exposure to PM and PM was significantly linearly associated with a 0.07% (β = -0.07, 95% CI: -0.13 to -0.004) and 0.05% (β = -0.05, 95% CI: -0.10 to -0.004) decrease in FMD in the fully adjusted model. After full adjustment, long-term exposure to all air pollutants was significantly associated with impaired FMD. Each 10 µg/m increase in long-term exposure to PM and PM was significantly associated with a -0.18% (95% CI: -0.34 to -0.03) and - 0.23% (95% CI: -0.40 to -0.06) change in FMD, respectively. After stratification, the associations of lower FMD with long-term exposure to PM, PM, SO, NO, and CO significantly persisted in men and participants younger than 65 years instead of women or older participants. For short-term exposure, we observed differences consistent with long-term exposure and a stronger effect of 7-day exposure to SO in men due to a significant interaction effect.
Short- and long-term exposure to different air pollutants are strongly associated with decreased endothelial function, and susceptibility to air pollution varies significantly with age and sex.
空气污染对内皮功能的影响在不同人群中仍不清楚。我们旨在使用肱动脉血流介导的扩张（FMD）来识别空气污染暴露对内皮功能障碍影响的人群差异。
我们在 2016 年 10 月至 2020 年 1 月期间测量了 850 名参与者的 FMD。位置特异性细颗粒物 < 2.5μm 空气动力学直径（PM）、可吸入颗粒物 < 10μm 空气动力学直径（PM）、二氧化硫（SO）、二氧化氮（NO）、一氧化碳（CO）和臭氧（O）浓度由固定环境空气监测站收集，用于短期和长期暴露评估。在按年龄和性别分层之前和之后，使用多元线性回归模型和限制立方样条进行评估。
本研究最终纳入了 828 名参与者[551 名（66.5%）年龄小于 65 岁，553 名（66.8%）为男性]。在完全调整的模型中，7 天暴露于 PM 和 PM 每增加 10μg/m，FMD 分别显著呈线性下降 0.07%（β=-0.07，95%CI：-0.13 至-0.004）和 0.05%（β=-0.05，95%CI：-0.10 至-0.004）。在充分调整后，长期暴露于所有空气污染物与 FMD 受损显著相关。长期暴露于 PM 和 PM 每增加 10μg/m，FMD 分别显著下降 0.18%（95%CI：-0.34 至-0.03）和-0.23%（95%CI：-0.40 至-0.06）。分层后，FMD 与长期暴露于 PM、PM、SO、NO 和 CO 之间的较低关联在男性和年龄小于 65 岁的参与者中显著持续存在，而在女性或年龄较大的参与者中则没有。对于短期暴露，我们观察到与长期暴露一致的差异，并且由于存在显著的交互作用，SO 的 7 天暴露对男性的影响更强。
短期和长期暴露于不同的空气污染物与内皮功能下降密切相关，对空气污染的敏感性随年龄和性别而显著变化。
