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北巴基斯坦科希斯坦的标准医学民族植物学。

Standard medical ethnobotany of Kohistan, North Pakistan.

机构信息

Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan.

Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venice, Italy.

出版信息

J Ethnobiol Ethnomed. 2024 Jul 8;20(1):64. doi: 10.1186/s13002-024-00704-w.

DOI:10.1186/s13002-024-00704-w

PMID:38978072

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11232275/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

This study was exclusively focused on the documentation and cross-cultural evaluation of ethnomedicinal knowledge (EMK) within the diverse linguistic groups of Kohistan situated between the Himalayan and Hindukush Mountain ranges in the north Pakistan.

METHODS

Data were gathered during the field survey (May 2022 to July 2023) through group conversations, semi-structured interviews, and on-site observation. Venn diagrams were employed to illustrate the comparative assessment of EMK, and different ethnobotanical indices were utilized to examine the data.

RESULTS

A total of 96 wild medicinal plant species (MPs) belonging to 74 genera and 52 botanical families were documented. The most reported MPs belong to the family Polygonaceae (11 species), followed by Asteraceae (9 species) and Lamiaceae (8 species). The ethnomedicinal uses of Leontopodium himalayanum, Pedicularis oederi, Plocama brevifolia, Polypodium sibiricum, Pteridium esculentum, Sambucus wightiana, Solanum cinereum, Teucrium royleanum, Rhodiola integrifolia, Aconitum chasmanthum were reported for the first time in this region. Among the reported taxa herbaceous species were dominated (72%), followed by trees and shrubs (17% and 10%, respectively). Digestive problems (40 taxa and 114 use reports) and skin disorders (19 taxa and 549 use reports) were the most cited disease categories, whereas M. communis, M. longifolia, Ajuga integrifolia, Ziziphus jujuba, and Clematis grata exhibited the highest percentage fidelity levels. Out of 109 documented medicinal uses, a mere 12 were shared across all linguistic groups, and Bateri emerges as a notable outlier with the highest number of medicinal uses. In addition, a significant homogeneity was noted in the reported botanical taxa (61 species) among different linguistic groups. However, since the last decade biocultural heritage of Kohistan is facing multifaceted risks that need urgent attention.

CONCLUSION

Our findings could be valuable addition to the existing stock of ethnomedicinal knowledge and may provide ethnopharmacological basis to novel drug discovery for preexisting and emerging diseases prioritizing detailed phytochemical profiling and the evaluation of bioactive potential.

摘要

背景

本研究专门关注巴基斯坦北部喜马拉雅山脉和兴都库什山脉之间的科希斯坦多样化语言群体中的民族医学知识（EMK）的记录和跨文化评估。

方法

数据通过小组对话、半结构化访谈和现场观察在实地调查（2022 年 5 月至 2023 年 7 月）期间收集。Venn 图用于说明 EMK 的比较评估，并且使用不同的民族植物学指数来检查数据。

结果

共记录了 96 种野生药用植物（MPs），隶属于 74 属和 52 科。报道最多的 MPs 属于Polygonaceae 科（11 种），其次是 Asteraceae 科（9 种）和 Lamiaceae 科（8 种）。Leontopodium himalayanum、Pedicularis oederi、Plocama brevifolia、Polypodium sibiricum、Pteridium esculentum、Sambucus wightiana、Solanum cinereum、Teucrium royleanum、Rhodiola integrifolia、Aconitum chasmanthum 在该地区首次被报道。在所报道的类群中，草本物种占主导地位（72%），其次是树木和灌木（分别为 17%和 10%）。消化问题（40 个类群和 114 个用途报告）和皮肤疾病（19 个类群和 549 个用途报告）是最常被引用的疾病类别，而 M. communis、M. longifolia、Ajuga integrifolia、Ziziphus jujuba 和 Clematis grata 表现出最高的百分比保真度水平。在记录的 109 种药用用途中，仅有 12 种在所有语言群体中共享，而 Bateri 作为一个显著的异常值，具有最多的药用用途。此外，不同语言群体之间报告的植物类群（61 种）存在显著的同质性。然而，自上一个十年以来，科希斯坦的生物文化遗产面临着多方面的风险，需要紧急关注。