Department of Psychiatry (Hess, Hutchinson, Gould), Department of Neurobiology (Gould), and Department of Pharmacology (Gould), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, NIMH, Bethesda, Md. (Greenstein, Zarate); Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore (Gould).
Am J Psychiatry. 2024 Sep 1;181(9):815-823. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.20230980. Epub 2024 Jul 10.
The authors sought to assess the prosocial, entactogen effects of ketamine.
Pleasure from social situations was assessed in a sample of participants with treatment-resistant depression from randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies, using four items of the Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale (SHAPS) at five time points over 1 week following treatment with ketamine (0.5 mg/kg intravenously) or placebo. The primary endpoint was postinfusion self-reported pleasure on the four SHAPS items pertaining to social situations, including the item on helping others, between the ketamine and placebo groups. In a rodent experiment, the impact of ketamine on helping behavior in rats was assessed using the harm aversion task. The primary endpoint was a reduction in lever response rate relative to baseline, which indicated the willingness of rats to forgo obtaining sucrose to help protect their cage mate from electric shock.
Relative to placebo, ketamine increased ratings of feeling pleasure from being with family or close friends, seeing other people's smiling faces, helping others, and receiving praise, for 1 week following treatment. In the rodent experiment, during the harm aversion task, ketamine-treated rats maintained lower response rates relative to baseline to a greater extent than what was observed in vehicle-treated rats for 6 days posttreatment and delivered fewer shocks overall.
In patients with treatment-resistant depression, ketamine treatment was associated with increased pleasure from social situations, such as feeling pleasure from helping others. Ketamine-treated rats were more likely to protect their cage mate from harm, at the cost of obtaining sucrose. These findings suggest that ketamine has entactogen effects.
作者旨在评估氯胺酮的亲社会、促接触效应。
在一项针对治疗抵抗性抑郁症患者的随机、双盲、安慰剂对照研究中，使用 Snaith-Hamilton 愉悦量表（SHAPS）的四个项目评估治疗后一周内五个时间点的社交情境愉悦感，分别为氯胺酮（0.5mg/kg 静脉注射）或安慰剂治疗。主要终点是氯胺酮和安慰剂组之间静脉输注后与社交情境相关的四个 SHAPS 项目中自我报告的愉悦感，包括帮助他人的项目。在一项啮齿动物实验中，评估了氯胺酮对大鼠助人行为的影响，采用了回避伤害任务。主要终点是相对于基线的杠杆反应率降低，这表明大鼠愿意放弃获得蔗糖以帮助保护其笼伴免受电击。
与安慰剂相比，氯胺酮增加了治疗后一周内对与家人或亲密朋友在一起、看到他人的笑脸、帮助他人和接受表扬的愉悦感评分。在回避伤害任务中，在治疗后的 6 天内，与接受载体治疗的大鼠相比，氯胺酮治疗的大鼠相对于基线保持较低的反应率，并且总体上给予的电击次数更少。
在治疗抵抗性抑郁症患者中，氯胺酮治疗与社交情境中的愉悦感增加有关，例如帮助他人时感到愉悦。氯胺酮治疗的大鼠更有可能保护其笼伴免受伤害，而不惜放弃获得蔗糖的机会。这些发现表明氯胺酮具有促接触效应。
