Zhang Shuhe, Webers Carroll A B, Berendschot Tos T J M
University Eye Clinic Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands.
Front Ophthalmol (Lausanne). 2024 Jun 12;4:1332197. doi: 10.3389/fopht.2024.1332197. eCollection 2024.
Fundus cameras are widely used by ophthalmologists for monitoring and diagnosing retinal pathologies. Unfortunately, no optical system is perfect, and the visibility of retinal images can be greatly degraded due to the presence of problematic illumination, intraocular scattering, or blurriness caused by sudden movements. To improve image quality, different retinal image restoration/enhancement techniques have been developed, which play an important role in improving the performance of various clinical and computer-assisted applications. This paper gives a comprehensive review of these restoration/enhancement techniques, discusses their underlying mathematical models, and shows how they may be effectively applied in real-life practice to increase the visual quality of retinal images for potential clinical applications including diagnosis and retinal structure recognition. All three main topics of retinal image restoration/enhancement techniques, i.e., illumination correction, dehazing, and deblurring, are addressed. Finally, some considerations about challenges and the future scope of retinal image restoration/enhancement techniques will be discussed.
眼底相机被眼科医生广泛用于监测和诊断视网膜病变。不幸的是,没有光学系统是完美的,由于存在有问题的照明、眼内散射或突然运动导致的模糊,视网膜图像的可见性可能会大大降低。为了提高图像质量,已经开发了不同的视网膜图像恢复/增强技术,这些技术在提高各种临床和计算机辅助应用的性能方面发挥着重要作用。本文对这些恢复/增强技术进行了全面综述,讨论了它们的基础数学模型,并展示了如何在实际应用中有效应用这些技术,以提高视网膜图像的视觉质量,用于包括诊断和视网膜结构识别在内的潜在临床应用。本文讨论了视网膜图像恢复/增强技术的三个主要主题,即光照校正、去雾和去模糊。最后,将讨论有关视网膜图像恢复/增强技术的挑战和未来发展范围的一些考虑因素。