Gupta Shipra, Mohindra Ritin, Ramola Manisha, Kanta Poonam, Singla Mohita, Malhotra Meenakshi, Mehta Nishant, Goyal Ashima, Singh Mini P
Oral Health Sciences Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
Department of Internal Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
J Indian Soc Periodontol. 2024 Jan-Feb;28(1):113-121. doi: 10.4103/jisp.jisp_508_23. Epub 2024 Jun 4.
Periodontal disease is associated with immune dysregulation, and cytokines released can add on to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-associated cytokine storm, further worsening the related adverse outcomes. Specific studies investigating cytokine levels in COVID-19 patients with periodontal disease are lacking. Examining the correlation between these conditions could aid in categorizing risk categories, determining referrals, and strengthening oral hygiene protocols. The current study sought to evaluate cytokine levels in the saliva of COVID-19-positive patients with and without periodontal disease.
Twenty-six COVID-19-positive patients were subjected to periodontal examination, saliva collection, and assessment of cytokine levels through cytokine bead-based multiplex assay, using fluorescence-encoded beads with flow cytometry (BD FACS LSRFortessa). Eleven cytokines were assessed (interleukin [IL] 2, 4, 6, 10, 17A, and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2/monocyte chemoattractant protein-1), C-X-C motif chemokine ligand (CXCL) 8/IL 8, CXCL 9/monokine-induced gamma interferon [MIG]), and CXCL 10 (chemokine IFN-gamma inducible protein 10 kDa). The cytokine levels of the recruited subjects were also compared graphically with the salivary cytokine levels reported in the literature for health, COVID-19, and periodontal disease alone.
Out of 26 COVID-19-positive patients, 17 had periodontal disease. Levels of all cytokines were raised in patients with both diseases when compared to values reported in literature for health, periodontal disease alone, or COVID-19 alone. However, there was no statistical difference among the recruited subjects for IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A, IFN-gamma, TNF-α, CCL2, CXCL 8, and CXCL 10. MIG levels were found to be higher in periodontally healthy, COVID-19-positive subjects ( = 0.01).
Periodontal disease might contribute to the COVID-19-induced cytokine storm, potentially amplifying its impact.
牙周疾病与免疫失调相关，所释放的细胞因子会加重2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）相关的细胞因子风暴，进而使相关不良后果恶化。目前缺乏针对患有牙周疾病的COVID-19患者细胞因子水平的具体研究。研究这两种情况之间的相关性有助于对风险类别进行分类、确定转诊以及加强口腔卫生方案。本研究旨在评估患有和未患有牙周疾病的COVID-19阳性患者唾液中的细胞因子水平。
对26名COVID-19阳性患者进行牙周检查、唾液采集，并通过基于细胞因子微珠的多重检测，使用荧光编码微珠和流式细胞术（BD FACS LSRFortessa）评估细胞因子水平。评估了11种细胞因子（白细胞介素[IL] 2、4、6、10、17A、干扰素-γ（IFN-γ）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、趋化因子配体2（CCL2/单核细胞趋化蛋白-1）、C-X-C基序趋化因子配体（CXCL）8/IL 8、CXCL 9/单核细胞诱导的γ干扰素[MIG]）以及CXCL 10（趋化因子IFN-γ诱导蛋白10 kDa）。还将招募受试者的细胞因子水平与文献中报道的健康、COVID-19及单独牙周疾病的唾液细胞因子水平进行了图形比较。
在26名COVID-19阳性患者中，17名患有牙周疾病。与文献中报道的健康、单独牙周疾病或单独COVID-19的值相比，两种疾病患者的所有细胞因子水平均升高。然而，招募的受试者在IL-2、IL-4、IL-6、IL-10、IL-17A、IFN-γ、TNF-α、CCL2、CXCL 8和CXCL 10方面没有统计学差异。发现牙周健康的COVID-19阳性受试者的MIG水平较高（=0.01）。
牙周疾病可能会导致COVID-19诱导的细胞因子风暴，可能会扩大其影响。
