Wadhwa S, Yoon A J, Kister K, Bolin I, Chintalapudi N, Besmer A, Cantos A, Shah J, Gaitonde S K, Granger S W, Bryce C, Fischer R, Eisig S B, Yin M T
Division of Orthodontics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
Division of Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology and Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
J Oral Biol Craniofac Res. 2023 Mar-Apr;13(2):267-271. doi: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2023.02.008. Epub 2023 Feb 17.
The pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus continues to have a profound effect worldwide. However, COVID-19 induced oral facial manifestations have not been fully described. We conducted a prospective study to demonstrate feasibility of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG and inflammatory cytokine detection in saliva. Our primary objective was to determine whether COVID-19 PCR positive patients with xerostomia or loss of taste had altered serum or saliva cytokine levels compared to COVID-19 PCR positive patients without those oral symptoms. Our secondary objective was to determine the correlation between serum and saliva COVID-19 antibody levels.
For cytokine analysis, saliva and serum were obtained from 17 participants with PCR-confirmed COVID-19 infection at three sequential time points, yielding 48 saliva samples and 19 paired saliva-serum samples from 14 of the 17 patients. For COVID-19 antibody analyses, an additional 27 paired saliva-serum samples from 22 patients were purchased.
The saliva antibody assay had 88.64% sensitivity [95% Confidence Interval (CI) 75.44%, 96.21%] to detect SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies compared to serum antibody. Among the inflammatory cytokines assessed - IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-1β, IL-8, IL-13, IL-2, IL-5, IL-7 and IL-17A, xerostomia correlated with lower levels of saliva IL-2 and TNF-α, and elevated levels of serum IL-12p70 and IL-10 (p < 0.05). Loss of taste was observed in patients with elevated serum IL-8 (p < 0.05).
Further studies are needed to construct a robust saliva-based COVID-19 assay to assess antibody and inflammatory cytokine response, which has potential utility as a non-invasive monitoring modality during COVID-19 convalescence.
由严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）引起的大流行在全球范围内仍具有深远影响。然而，新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）诱发的口腔面部表现尚未得到充分描述。我们进行了一项前瞻性研究，以证明在唾液中检测抗SARS-CoV-2免疫球蛋白G（IgG）和炎性细胞因子的可行性。我们的主要目的是确定与没有这些口腔症状的COVID-19聚合酶链反应（PCR）阳性患者相比，患有口干或味觉丧失的COVID-19 PCR阳性患者的血清或唾液细胞因子水平是否发生改变。我们的次要目的是确定血清和唾液中COVID-19抗体水平之间的相关性。
为了进行细胞因子分析，在三个连续时间点从17名PCR确诊的COVID-19感染参与者中获取唾液和血清，从17名患者中的14名获得了48份唾液样本和19对唾液-血清样本。对于COVID-19抗体分析，又购买了来自22名患者的27对唾液-血清样本。
与血清抗体相比，唾液抗体检测法检测SARS-CoV-2 IgG抗体的灵敏度为88.64%[95%置信区间（CI）75.44%，96.21%]。在所评估的炎性细胞因子中——白细胞介素-6（IL-6）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、干扰素-γ（IFN-γ）、白细胞介素-10（IL-10）、白细胞介素-12p70、白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）、白细胞介素-8（IL-8）、白细胞介素-13（IL-13）、白细胞介素-2（IL-2）、白细胞介素-5（IL-5）、白细胞介素-7（IL-7）和白细胞介素-17A（IL-17A），口干与唾液IL-2和TNF-α水平较低以及血清IL-12p70和IL-10水平升高相关（p<0.05）。血清IL-8水平升高的患者出现味觉丧失（p<0.05）。
需要进一步研究构建一种强大的基于唾液的COVID-19检测方法，以评估抗体和炎性细胞因子反应，其在COVID-19康复期间作为一种非侵入性监测方式具有潜在用途。
