Department of Economics, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
PLoS One. 2024 Jul 11;19(7):e0307017. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0307017. eCollection 2024.
Water, energy, and food insecurity are significant challenges that affect both economies and households, particularly in developing countries. These resources have an effect on households wellbeing, businesses, and all sectors of the economy, making them critical to ensuring household well-being, which is frequently measured by quintile welfare. As a result, there has been a significant increase in interest in securitizing these resources in order to mitigate their negative effects on household's wellbeing This study provides an empirical investigation of the determinants of water, energy, and food (WEF) security and the effect of water, energy, and food security on household well-being in Ghana. This study provides an empirical investigation of the determinants of water, energy, and food (WEF) security and the effect of water, energy, and food security on household well-being in Ghana. The study used a sample of 2,735 households from the Ghana Living Standard Survey (GLSS) Wave 7. We applied an instrumental variable probit, complementary log-log and ordered Probit estimation techniques for analysis. Empirical analysis reveals several important findings. Firstly, factors such as age, credit access, household location, employment status, and livestock ownership positively contribute to household water security, while remittances, water supply management, water bills, and water quantity have negative impacts. Secondly, age, marital status, household size, remittances, and livestock ownership significantly influence household energy security. Thirdly, marital status, household income, credit access, and household size are crucial determinants of household food security, with residence and region of household location exerting negative effects. Additionally, while water and energy security have a relatively lower impact on household well-being, food security emerges as a key driver in promoting household wellbeing. The study recommends that policymakers and stakeholders design and implement robust programs and interventions to sustain households' water, energy, and food supply.
水、能源和粮食不安全是影响经济和家庭的重大挑战，尤其是在发展中国家。这些资源对家庭福祉、企业和经济的所有部门都有影响，因此对确保家庭福祉至关重要，而家庭福祉通常用五分位数福利来衡量。因此，人们对将这些资源证券化以减轻其对家庭福祉的负面影响产生了浓厚的兴趣。本研究对加纳水、能源和粮食（WEF）安全的决定因素以及水、能源和粮食安全对家庭福祉的影响进行了实证调查。本研究对加纳水、能源和粮食（WEF）安全的决定因素以及水、能源和粮食安全对家庭福祉的影响进行了实证调查。该研究使用了加纳生活水平调查（GLSS）第七波的 2735 户家庭样本。我们应用了工具变量概率、互补对数对数和有序概率估计技术进行分析。实证分析揭示了几个重要发现。首先，年龄、信贷获取、家庭所在地、就业状况和牲畜所有权等因素对家庭水安全有积极贡献，而汇款、供水管理、水费和水量则有负面影响。其次，年龄、婚姻状况、家庭规模、汇款和牲畜所有权对家庭能源安全有重大影响。第三，婚姻状况、家庭收入、信贷获取和家庭规模是家庭粮食安全的关键决定因素，而家庭所在地的居住和地区则有负面影响。此外，虽然水和能源安全对家庭福祉的影响相对较低，但粮食安全是促进家庭福祉的关键因素。该研究建议政策制定者和利益相关者设计和实施强有力的计划和干预措施，以维持家庭的水、能源和粮食供应。
