Zhang Li, Shi Haonan, Zhang Hongfei, Ding Jianlan, Wang Zilong
School of Marxism, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
School of Sports Economics and Sports Management, Xi'an Physical Education University, Xi'an, China.
Front Psychol. 2024 Jun 27;15:1294864. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1294864. eCollection 2024.
The decision-making of soccer referees is one of the typical forms influenced by factors such as environmental pressure and individual emotions. While previous studies have explored how common factors like personal anxiety and on-field pressure affect the decisions of soccer referees, the mechanisms by which anxiety influences decision-making under pressure remain unclear. This study developed a penalty task based on real soccer match scenarios and recruited 76 experienced soccer referees. These referees were divided into two groups, high anxiety and low anxiety, based on their anxiety levels, to perform decision-making tasks under different pressure environments simulated to mimic real matches. Additionally, this research employed Event-Related Potential (ERP) technology to compare the brain signals of soccer referees with different levels of anxiety when facing foul play under various pressure environments. It was found that referees with high levels of anxiety displayed larger P300 and N400 amplitudes in a low-pressure environment ( = 0.0059, = 2.9437). However, no significant differences in P300 and N400 amplitudes were observed between referees with high and low levels of anxiety under high-pressure conditions ( = 0.1890, = 1.3411). This study not only reveals the complex mechanisms of anxiety in the decision-making process of referees but also emphasizes the importance of understanding and managing the psychological state of referees in competitive sports to improve the quality of their decisions. Our findings provide an empirical basis for future efforts to mitigate the impact of anxiety and optimize the decision-making process in similar high-pressure environments.
足球裁判的决策是受环境压力和个人情绪等因素影响的典型形式之一。虽然以往的研究探讨了个人焦虑和场上压力等常见因素如何影响足球裁判的决策，但焦虑在压力下影响决策的机制仍不清楚。本研究基于真实足球比赛场景开发了一项判罚任务，并招募了76名经验丰富的足球裁判。这些裁判根据焦虑水平分为高焦虑组和低焦虑组，在模拟真实比赛的不同压力环境下执行决策任务。此外，本研究采用事件相关电位（ERP）技术，比较不同焦虑水平的足球裁判在不同压力环境下面对犯规行为时的脑电信号。研究发现，高焦虑水平的裁判在低压环境下P300和N400波幅更大（ = 0.0059， = 2.9437）。然而，在高压条件下，高焦虑水平和低焦虑水平的裁判之间未观察到P300和N400波幅的显著差异（ = 0.1890， = 1.3411）。本研究不仅揭示了焦虑在裁判决策过程中的复杂机制，还强调了在竞技体育中理解和管理裁判心理状态以提高其决策质量的重要性。我们的研究结果为未来减轻焦虑影响和优化类似高压环境下决策过程的努力提供了实证依据。
