Buivydaitė Živilė, Winding Anne, Sapkota Rumakanta
Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark.
Front Microbiol. 2024 Jun 27;15:1432840. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1432840. eCollection 2024.
Mycoviruses are viruses that infect fungi. In recent years, an increasing number of mycoviruses have been reported in a wide array of fungi. With the growing interest of scientists and society in reducing the use of agrochemicals, the debate about mycoviruses as an effective next-generation biocontrol has regained momentum. Mycoviruses can have profound effects on the host phenotype, although most viruses have neutral or no effect. We speculate that understanding multiple transmission modes of mycoviruses is central to unraveling the viral ecology and their function in regulating fungal populations. Unlike plant virus transmission via vegetative plant parts, seeds, pollen, or vectors, a widely held view is that mycoviruses are transmitted via vertical routes and only under special circumstances horizontally via hyphal contact depending on the vegetative compatibility groups (i.e., the ability of different fungal strains to undergo hyphal fusion). However, this view has been challenged over the past decades, as new possible transmission routes of mycoviruses are beginning to unravel. In this perspective, we discuss emerging studies with evidence suggesting that such novel routes of mycovirus transmission exist and are pertinent to understanding the full picture of mycovirus ecology and evolution.
真菌病毒是感染真菌的病毒。近年来，在各种各样的真菌中报道了越来越多的真菌病毒。随着科学家和社会对减少农用化学品使用的兴趣日益增加，关于真菌病毒作为一种有效的下一代生物防治手段的争论再次升温。真菌病毒可对宿主表型产生深远影响，尽管大多数病毒具有中性作用或无作用。我们推测，了解真菌病毒的多种传播模式对于阐明病毒生态学及其在调节真菌种群中的功能至关重要。与植物病毒通过植物营养器官、种子、花粉或媒介传播不同，一种普遍的观点是，真菌病毒通过垂直途径传播，仅在特殊情况下通过菌丝接触进行水平传播，这取决于营养亲和群（即不同真菌菌株进行菌丝融合的能力）。然而，在过去几十年中，这一观点受到了挑战，因为真菌病毒新的可能传播途径开始被揭示。从这个角度出发，我们讨论了一些新出现的研究，这些研究有证据表明存在这种真菌病毒传播的新途径，并且这些途径与全面了解真菌病毒生态学和进化相关。
