Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Pettenkoferstr. 11, D-80336 Munich, Germany.
CARE Program, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Camí de les Escoles, s/n, Badalona, 08916 Barcelona, Spain.
Cells. 2024 Jul 3;13(13):1145. doi: 10.3390/cells13131145.
Osteoporosis (OP), which is characterized by a decrease in bone density and increased susceptibility to fractures, is closely linked to the gut microbiota (GM). It is increasingly realized that the GM plays a key role in the maintenance of the functioning of multiple organs, including bone, by producing bioactive metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFA). Consequently, imbalances in the GM, referred to as dysbiosis, have been identified with a significant reduction in beneficial metabolites, such as decreased SCFA associated with increased chronic inflammatory processes, including the activation of NF-κB at the epigenetic level, which is recognized as the main cause of many chronic diseases, including OP. Furthermore, regular or long-term medications such as antibiotics and many non-antibiotics such as proton pump inhibitors, chemotherapy, and NSAIDs, have been found to contribute to the development of dysbiosis, highlighting an urgent need for new treatment approaches. A promising preventive and adjuvant approach is to combat dysbiosis with natural polyphenols such as resveratrol, which have prebiotic functions and ensure an optimal microenvironment for beneficial GM. Resveratrol offers a range of benefits, including anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, analgesic, and prebiotic effects. In particular, the GM has been shown to convert resveratrol, into highly metabolically active molecules with even more potent beneficial properties, supporting a synergistic polyphenol-GM axis. This review addresses the question of how the GM can enhance the effects of resveratrol and how resveratrol, as an epigenetic modulator, can promote the growth and diversity of beneficial GM, thus providing important insights for the prevention and co-treatment of OP.
骨质疏松症（OP）的特征是骨密度降低和骨折易感性增加，与肠道微生物群（GM）密切相关。越来越多的人认识到，GM 通过产生生物活性代谢物（如短链脂肪酸（SCFA）），在维持包括骨骼在内的多个器官的功能方面发挥着关键作用。因此，GM 的失衡，即称为生态失调，与有益代谢物的显著减少有关，例如与慢性炎症过程增加相关的 SCFA 减少，包括 NF-κB 在表观遗传水平上的激活，这被认为是许多慢性疾病（包括 OP）的主要原因。此外，经常或长期使用的药物，如抗生素和许多非抗生素，如质子泵抑制剂、化疗和 NSAIDs，已被发现有助于生态失调的发展，这突显了对新治疗方法的迫切需求。一种有前途的预防和辅助方法是用天然多酚如白藜芦醇来对抗生态失调，白藜芦醇具有益生元的功能，并确保有益 GM 的最佳微环境。白藜芦醇具有多种益处，包括抗炎、抗氧化、镇痛和益生元作用。特别是，GM 已被证明可以将白藜芦醇转化为具有更强有益特性的高度代谢活跃的分子，支持协同多酚-GM 轴。本综述探讨了 GM 如何增强白藜芦醇的作用，以及白藜芦醇作为一种表观遗传调节剂如何促进有益 GM 的生长和多样性，从而为 OP 的预防和联合治疗提供了重要的见解。
