Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Animal, Laboratório de Ecologia Teórica e Aplicada, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria-RS, Brazil.
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica Tropical, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Belém-PA, Brazil.
PLoS One. 2024 Jul 12;19(7):e0307032. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0307032. eCollection 2024.
Functional diversity-i.e., the diversity of morphophysiological characteristics of species in a biological community-revolutionized ecology in recent decades, shifting the focus of the field from species to ecosystems. While its ecological applications are known, its adaptability to other disciplines, specifically music, is explored here. We retrieved fourteen characteristics of 12,944 songs by the top 100 artists of the 2010s decade on four streaming platforms. Then, we calculated the three main components of functional diversity-richness, evenness, and divergence-to each artist using probabilistic hypervolumes. Furthermore, we investigated to what extent functional diversity and the traits of an artist, its albums and songs has an effect on their popularity across streaming platforms such as Spotify. High functional richness, where an artist's songs differ greatly sonically, correlated with increased listens of up to 244,300,000. This would lead to estimated profit earnings exceeding $1,000,000 per richness gain. Danceable, highly-energetic, melodic, pop, and, notably, melancholic songs, albums, and artists are more listened to than their counterparts in streaming services. We captured how patterns in human song might reflects the social state of human societies in recent years and demonstrate the potential of applying functional diversity concepts and tools across scientific and economic domains, extending its relevance beyond ecology. By demonstrating applications of state-of-the-art functional diversity metrics using music as a case study, we intent to communicate the often-complex concepts of functional diversity using the familiar realm of music, which is an intrinsic trait of human cultures across the globe.
功能多样性——即生物群落中物种形态生理特征的多样性——在最近几十年彻底改变了生态学，将该领域的研究重点从物种转移到了生态系统。虽然它在生态学中的应用已广为人知，但本文探讨了其在其他学科，特别是音乐领域的适应性。我们从四个流媒体平台上检索了 2010 年代排名前 100 的艺术家的 12944 首歌曲的 14 个特征。然后，我们使用概率超体积计算了每个艺术家的功能多样性的三个主要组成部分——丰富度、均匀度和离散度。此外，我们还研究了功能多样性以及艺术家的特征、专辑和歌曲在多大程度上影响了他们在 Spotify 等流媒体平台上的受欢迎程度。高功能丰富度，即艺术家的歌曲在声音上有很大差异，与收听量的增加有关，最多可达 244300000 次。这将导致估计收益超过 100 万美元的收益。舞曲、高能量、旋律优美、流行，尤其是忧郁的歌曲、专辑和艺术家比他们在流媒体服务中的同类歌曲更受欢迎。我们捕捉到了人类歌曲中的模式如何反映近年来人类社会的社会状态，并展示了在科学和经济领域应用功能多样性概念和工具的潜力，将其相关性扩展到生态学之外。通过使用音乐作为案例研究来展示最先进的功能多样性指标的应用，我们旨在使用音乐这一全球人类文化的固有特征，来传达功能多样性这一通常复杂的概念。
