Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China.
Environ Int. 2024 Aug;190:108882. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108882. Epub 2024 Jul 8.
The role of the gut microbiota in host physiology has been previously elucidated for some marine organisms, but little information is available on their metabolic activity involved in transformation of environmental pollutants. This study assessed the metabolic profiles of the gut microbial cultures from grouper (Epinephelus coioides), green mussel (Perna viridis) and giant tiger prawn (Penaeus monodon) and investigated their transformation mechanisms to typical plastic additives. Community-level physiological profiling analysis confirmed the utilization profiles of the microbial cultures including carbon sources of carbohydrates, amines, carboxylic acids, phenolic compounds, polymers and amino acids, and the plastic additives of organophosphate flame retardants, tetrabromobisphenol A derivates and bisphenols. Using in vitro incubation, triphenyl phosphate (TPHP) was found to be rapidly metabolized into diphenyl phosphate by the gut microbiota as a representative ester-containing plastic additive, whereas the transformation of BPA (a representative phenol) was relatively slower. Interestingly, all three kinds of microbial cultures efficiently transformed the hepatic metabolite of BPA (BPA-G) back to BPA, thereby increasing its bioavailability in the body. The specific enzyme analysis confirmed the ability of the gut microbiota to perform the metabolic reactions. The results of 16S rRNA sequencing and network analysis revealed that the genera Escherichia-Shigella, Citrobacter, and Anaerospora were functional microbes, and their collaboration with fermentative microbes played pivotal roles in the transformation of the plastic additives. The structure-specific transformations by the gut microbiota and their distinct bioavailability deserve more attention in the future.
肠道微生物群在宿主生理学中的作用已在一些海洋生物中得到阐明，但关于其在环境污染物转化中所涉及的代谢活性的信息却很少。本研究评估了石斑鱼（Epinephelus coioides）、青口贝（Perna viridis）和南美白对虾（Penaeus monodon）肠道微生物培养物的代谢谱，并研究了它们对典型塑料添加剂的转化机制。群落水平生理分析证实了微生物培养物的利用谱，包括碳水化合物、胺、羧酸、酚类化合物、聚合物和氨基酸的碳源，以及有机磷阻燃剂、四溴双酚 A 衍生物和双酚的塑料添加剂。通过体外孵育发现，三苯基磷酸酯（TPHP）作为一种代表性含酯塑料添加剂被肠道微生物迅速代谢为二苯基磷酸酯，而双酚 A（一种代表性酚）的转化则相对较慢。有趣的是，三种微生物培养物都能有效地将 BPA 的肝代谢物（BPA-G）转化回 BPA，从而增加其在体内的生物利用度。特定酶分析证实了肠道微生物群进行代谢反应的能力。16S rRNA 测序和网络分析的结果表明，Escherichia-Shigella、Citrobacter 和 Anaerospora 属是功能微生物，它们与发酵微生物的合作在塑料添加剂的转化中起着关键作用。肠道微生物群的结构特异性转化及其不同的生物利用度值得在未来得到更多关注。
