Hajieghrary Farnaz, Ghanbarzadeh Babak, Pezeshki Akram, Dadashi Saeed, Falcone Pasquale M
Department of Food Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 5166616471, Iran.
Department of Agricultural, Food, and Environmental Sciences, University Polytechnical of Marche, Brecce Bianche 10, 60131 Ancona, Italy.
Foods. 2024 Jul 2;13(13):2114. doi: 10.3390/foods13132114.
Cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) were used to improve the electrospinnability of the gelatin protein in a water/ethanol/acetic acid (3:2:3, /) solution. The effects of different concentrations of CNFs (0.5-4%) on the important physical properties of the gelatin solution (15%), including rheology, conductivity, and surface tension, were investigated. The apparent viscosity and shear-thinning behavior were increased by increasing the CNF concentration from 0 to 4% at a low shear rate (<10 s). CNFs also increased the electrical conductivity and surface tension of the gelatin solution. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images revealed uniformly ordered structures with good continuity without fracture or bead formation in all hybrid nanofibers. They also showed that the average diameters of fibers decreased from 216 nm in the pure gelatin nanofibers to 175.39 nm in the hybrid gelatin/CNF (4%) ones. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results showed that CNFs increased T, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed that the electrospinning process caused the formation of more amorphous structures in the gelatin/CNF hybrid nanofibers. The tensile test indicated that by adding 2% CNFs, the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and strain at break (SB) of nanofiber mats increased from 4.26 to 10.5 MPa and 3.3% to 6.25%, respectively. The current study indicated that incorporating CNFs at the optimal concentration into a gelatin solution can improve the resulting hybrid nanofibers' morphology, average diameter, and mechanical properties.
纤维素纳米纤维（CNFs）被用于提高明胶蛋白在水/乙醇/乙酸（3:2:3，/）溶液中的可电纺性。研究了不同浓度（0.5 - 4%）的CNFs对15%明胶溶液重要物理性质（包括流变学、电导率和表面张力）的影响。在低剪切速率（<10 s⁻¹）下，将CNF浓度从0%提高到4%，表观粘度和剪切变稀行为增强。CNFs还提高了明胶溶液的电导率和表面张力。扫描电子显微镜（SEM）图像显示，所有混合纳米纤维均具有均匀有序的结构，连续性良好，无断裂或珠粒形成。图像还表明，纤维的平均直径从纯明胶纳米纤维的216 nm降至明胶/CNF（4%）混合纳米纤维的175.39 nm。差示扫描量热法（DSC）结果表明，CNFs提高了玻璃化转变温度（Tg），X射线衍射（XRD）分析表明，电纺过程使明胶/CNF混合纳米纤维中形成了更多的非晶结构。拉伸试验表明，添加2%的CNFs后，纳米纤维毡的极限拉伸强度（UTS）和断裂应变（SB）分别从4.26 MPa提高到10.5 MPa，从3.3%提高到6.25%。当前研究表明，将最佳浓度的CNFs加入明胶溶液中可改善所得混合纳米纤维的形态、平均直径和机械性能。
