Fatima Syeda Fiza, Sabouni Rana, Husseini Ghaleb, Paul Vinod, Gomaa Hassan, Radha Remya
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O.Box 26666, United Arab Emirates.
Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Western University, London, ON TEB 459, Canada.
Nanomaterials (Basel). 2024 Jun 24;14(13):1081. doi: 10.3390/nano14131081.
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are excellent candidates for a range of applications because of their numerous advantages, such as high surface area, porosity, and thermal and chemical stability. In this study, microwave (MW) irradiation is used as a novel stimulus in vitro controlled release of Doxorubicin (DOX) from two MOFs, namely Fe-BTC and MIL-53(Al), to enhance drug delivery in cancer therapy. DOX was encapsulated into Fe-BTC and MIL-53(Al) with drug-loading efficiencies of up to 67% for Fe-BTC and 40% for MIL-53(Al). Several characterization tests, including XRD, FTIR, TGA, BET, FE-SEM, and EDX, confirmed both MOF samples' drug-loading and -release mechanisms. Fe-BTC exhibited a substantial improvement in drug-release efficiency (54%) when exposed to microwave irradiation at pH 7.4 for 50 min, whereas 11% was achieved without the external modality. A similar result was observed at pH 5.3; however, in both cases, the release efficiencies were substantially higher with microwave exposure (40%) than without (6%). In contrast, MIL-53(Al) exhibited greater sensitivity to pH, displaying a higher release rate (66%) after 38 min at pH 5.3 compared to 55% after 50 min at pH 7.4 when subjected to microwave irradiation. These results highlight the potential of both MOFs as highly heat-responsive to thermal stimuli. The results of the MTT assay demonstrated the cell viability across different concentrations of the MOFs after two days of incubation. This suggests that MOFs hold promise as potential candidates for tumor targeting. Additionally, the fact that the cells maintained their viability at different durations of microwave exposure confirms that the latter is a safe modality for triggering drug release from MOFs.
金属有机框架材料（MOFs）因其具有高比表面积、孔隙率以及热稳定性和化学稳定性等众多优点，成为一系列应用的理想候选材料。在本研究中，微波（MW）辐照被用作一种新型刺激手段，用于实现阿霉素（DOX）从两种MOFs（即Fe - BTC和MIL - 53(Al)）的体外控释，以增强癌症治疗中的药物递送。DOX被封装到Fe - BTC和MIL - 53(Al)中，Fe - BTC的载药效率高达67%，MIL - 53(Al)的载药效率为40%。包括XRD、FTIR、TGA、BET、FE - SEM和EDX在内的多项表征测试证实了两种MOF样品的载药和释药机制。当在pH 7.4条件下暴露于微波辐照50分钟时，Fe - BTC的药物释放效率有显著提高（54%），而在无外部作用方式时仅为11%。在pH 5.3时也观察到了类似结果；然而，在这两种情况下，微波照射下的释放效率（40%）都显著高于无微波照射时（6%）。相比之下，MIL - 53(Al)对pH表现出更高的敏感性，在pH 5.3条件下经过38分钟微波辐照后的释放率为66%，而在pH 7.4条件下经过50分钟微波辐照后的释放率为55%。这些结果突出了两种MOFs对热刺激具有高度热响应性的潜力。MTT分析结果表明，孵育两天后，不同浓度的MOFs对细胞活力有影响。这表明MOFs有望成为肿瘤靶向的潜在候选材料。此外，细胞在不同微波照射时长下仍保持活力这一事实证实了微波辐照是触发MOFs药物释放的一种安全方式。
